Atypical spatial frequency dependence of visual metacognition among schizophrenia patients
Atypical spatial frequency dependence of visual metacognition among schizophrenia patients
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102296
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Amano, Kaoru
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Koizumi, Ai;Hori, Tomoki;Amano, Kaoru
尽管精神分裂症患者视觉处理的早期阶段发生了改变，但这种非典型视觉处理如何影响更高层次的认知仍然很大程度上未知。在这里，我们测试了这样一个假设：鉴于精神分裂症患者的大细胞功能发生了改变，元认知表现可能会受到视觉刺激的空间频率（SF）的非典型调节。为了研究 SF 对元认知表现的影响，我们要求患者和对照者对具有不同 SF 的光栅执行视觉检测任务并报告置信度，并使用信号检测理论测量元-d' 分析数据。对于高 SF (HSF) 刺激，对照受试者在“是”（刺激存在）反应后表现出比“无”（刺激不存在）反应更好的元认知表现（“是反应优势”），但对于低 SF (LSF) 刺激则不然。相反，患者不仅对 HSF 而且对 LSF 刺激都表现出“是反应优势”，表明元认知的非典型 SF 依赖性。使用相同任务的功能磁共振成像实验显示，已知对元认知至关重要的背外侧前额叶皮层 (DLPFC) 显示出反映行为结果的活动：在对照组中，HSF 的 DLPFC 知觉置信度解码精度明显高于 LSF 刺激，而患者的这种解码精度与 SF 无关。此外，DLPFC 与顶叶和视觉区域的功能连接在对照组和患者之间以不同的方式受到 SF 和反应类型（是/否）的调节。虽然没有精神分裂症的个体可以灵活地适应跨 SF 范围的元认知计算，但患者可能采用独立于 SF 的不同机制。因为低 SF 的视觉刺激与预测性自上而下的处理有关，这可能反映了精神分裂症中这些过程的非典型功能。
Although altered early stages of visual processing have been reported among schizophrenia patients, how such atypical visual processing may affect higher-level cognition remains largely unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that metacognitive performance may be atypically modulated by spatial frequency (SF) of visual stimuli among individuals with schizophrenia, given their altered magnocellular function. To study the effect of SF on metacognitive performance, we asked patients and controls to perform a visual detection task on gratings with different SFs and report confidence, and analyzed the data using the signal detection theoretic measure meta-d'. Control subjects showed better metacognitive performance after yes- (stimulus presence) than after no- (stimulus absence) responses ('yes-response advantage') for high SF (HSF) stimuli but not for low SF (LSF) stimuli. The patients, to the contrary, showed a 'yes-response advantage' not only for HSF but also for LSF stimuli, indicating atypical SF dependency of metacognition. An fMRI experiment using the same task revealed that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), known to be crucial for metacognition, shows activity mirroring the behavioral results: decoding accuracy of perceptual confidence in DLPFC was significantly higher for HSF than for LSF stimuli in controls, whereas this decoding accuracy was independent of SF in patients. Additionally, the functional connectivity of DLPFC with parietal and visual areas was modulated by SF and response type (yes/no) in a different manner between controls and patients. While individuals without schizophrenia may flexibly adapt metacognitive computations across SF ranges, patients may employ a different mechanism that is independent of SF. Because visual stimuli of low SF have been linked to predictive top-down processing, this may reflect atypical functioning in these processes in schizophrenia.