Knowledge needs, available practices, and future challenges in agricultural soils
Knowledge needs, available practices, and future challenges in agricultural soils
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DOI：
10.5194/soil-2-511-2016
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Bardgett, Richard D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Key, Georgina;Whitfield, Mike G.;Bardgett, Richard D.
本研究的目的是澄清研究需求，并确定有效的做法，以提高土壤健康。这是通过土壤文献的概要来完成的，这些文献专门测试旨在保持或增强土壤健康要素的做法。利用土壤科学家和从业人员组成的专家小组，我们评估了土壤概要中的证据，以突出有益于土壤健康的做法，被认为有害的做法以及需要进一步调查的做法。部分斯皮尔曼的相关性被用来分析小组的反应。我们发现，科学证据的确定性增加导致实践被认为是更有效的，因为它们是经验证明。这表明，要使实践被认为是有效的并付诸实践，就需要大量的研究来支持实践的有效性。专家们认为，很高比例的做法（33%），如改变耕作时间或用种植绿色肥料的作物改良土壤，其有效性尚不清楚，这通常是由于证据不够有力。在27种被审查的做法中，只有7种被认为是有益的，或可能有益于加强土壤健康。这些措施包括：（1）综合养分管理（有机和无机添加物）;（2）覆盖作物;（3）作物轮作;（4）作物行之间或主要作物下面的间作;（5）配制化学化合物（如硝化抑制剂）;（6）控制交通和交通时间;（7）减少放牧强度。我们的评估，它使用的德尔菲技术，越来越多地用于改善保护和农业政策的决策，确定的做法，可以付诸实践，有利于土壤健康。此外，它还使我们能够确定需要进一步研究的做法，并需要增加研究人员，政策制定者和从业人员之间的沟通，以找到增强土壤健康的有效手段。
The goal of this study is to clarify research needs and identify effective practices for enhancing soil health. This was done by a synopsis of soil literature that specifically tests practices designed to maintain or enhance elements of soil health. Using an expert panel of soil scientists and practitioners, we then assessed the evidence in the soil synopsis to highlight practices beneficial to soil health, practices considered detrimental, and practices that need further investigation. A partial Spearman's correlation was used to analyse the panel's responses. We found that increased certainty in scientific evidence led to practices being considered to be more effective due to them being empirically justified. This suggests that for practices to be considered effective and put into practice, a substantial body of research is needed to support the effectiveness of the practice. This is further supported by the high proportion of practices (33 %), such as changing the timing of ploughing or amending the soil with crops grown as green manures, that experts felt had unknown effectiveness, usually due to insufficiently robust evidence. Only 7 of the 27 reviewed practices were considered to be beneficial, or likely to be beneficial in enhancing soil health. These included the use of (1) integrated nutrient management (organic and inorganic amendments); (2) cover crops; (3) crop rotations; (4) intercropping between crop rows or underneath the main crop; (5) formulated chemical compounds (such as nitrification inhibitors); (6) control of traffic and traffic timing; and (7) reducing grazing intensity. Our assessment, which uses the Delphi technique, is increasingly used to improve decision-making in conservation and agricultural policy, identified practices that can be put into practice to benefit soil health. Moreover, it has enabled us to identify practices that need further research and a need for increased communication between researchers, policy-makers, and practitioners, in order to find effective means of enhancing soil health.