Postexercise Cold Water Immersion Benefits Are Not Greater than the Placebo Effect
Postexercise Cold Water Immersion Benefits Are Not Greater than the Placebo Effect
复制标题
DOI：
10.1249/mss.0000000000000348
复制
发表时间：
2014-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bishop, David J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Broatch, James R.;Petersen, Aaron;Bishop, David J.
目的：尽管人们普遍缺乏对冷水浸泡的基本机制的了解，但冷水浸泡(CWI)被运动员广泛用于康复。这项研究通过调查安慰剂效应是否对任何急性表现或心理益处负责，来检验CWI在高强度运动后恢复的生理价值。方法：30名男性(平均+/-SD：年龄24+/-5岁；(V)通过Doto(2Peak)，51.1+/-7.0mL.kg(-1).min(-1)进行急性高强度间歇训练，包括4 x 30-S冲刺，然后立即进行以下三种15分钟恢复条件之一：CWI(10.3℃+/-0.2℃)、温中水浸泡安慰剂(34.7℃+/-0.1℃)或温中水浸泡对照(34.7℃+/-0.1℃)。在运动和恢复过程中插入肌内热敏电阻以记录肌肉温度。分别于运动前、运动后、恢复后、运动后1、24、48h记录肿胀(股围)、痛阈值/耐受性、白细胞介素6浓度、白细胞总数、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞计数。除运动后外，在相同时间点进行股四头肌最大自主等长收缩(MVC)。对锻炼准备情况、疲劳、活力、困倦、疼痛和对康复有效性的信念的自我评估也完成了。结果：与CW I组和TWP组相比，TW I组患者在MVC后的腿部力量、运动准备程度、疼痛和活力评分均显著受损。结论：在急性高强度间歇训练后给予恢复安慰剂，在48小时以上恢复肌力方面优于TW I，与CW I一样有效。这可以归因于对运动、疼痛和活力的准备程度的提高，这表明围绕CWI的普遍假设的生理益处至少部分与安慰剂有关。
Purpose: Despite a general lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms, cold water immersion (CWI) is widely used by athletes for recovery. This study examined the physiological merit of CWI for recovery from high-intensity exercise by investigating if the placebo effect is responsible for any acute performance or psychological benefits. Methods: Thirty males (mean +/- SD: age, 24 +/- 5 yr; (V) over dotO(2peak), 51.1 +/- 7.0 mL.kg(-1).min(-1)) performed an acute high-intensity interval training session, comprised of 4 x 30-s sprints, immediately followed by one of the following three 15-min recovery conditions: CWI (10.3 degrees C +/- 0.2 degrees C), thermoneutral water immersion placebo (TWP) (34.7 degrees C +/- 0.1 degrees C), or thermoneutral water immersion control (TWI) (34.7 degrees C +/- 0.1 degrees C). An intramuscular thermistor was inserted during exercise and recovery to record muscle temperature. Swelling (thigh girth), pain threshold/tolerance, interleukin 6 concentration, and total leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were recorded at baseline, postexercise, postrecovery, and 1, 24, and 48 h postexercise. A maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) of the quadriceps was performed at the same time points, with the exception of postexercise. Self-assessments of readiness for exercise, fatigue, vigor, sleepiness, pain, and belief of recovery effectiveness were also completed. Results: Leg strength after the MVC and ratings of readiness for exercise, pain, and vigor were significantly impaired in TWI compared with those in CWI and TWP which were similar to each other. Conclusions: A recovery placebo administered after an acute high-intensity interval training session is superior in the recovery of muscle strength over 48 h as compared with TWI and is as effective as CWI. This can be attributed to improved ratings of readiness for exercise, pain, and vigor, suggesting that the commonly hypothesized physiological benefits surrounding CWI are at least partly placebo related.