Tonic Immobility Is Influenced by Starvation, Life Stage, and Body Mass in Ixodid Ticks.
Tonic Immobility Is Influenced by Starvation, Life Stage, and Body Mass in Ixodid Ticks.
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硬蜱的强直性不动受饥饿、生命阶段和体重的影响。
DOI：
10.1093/jme/tjab003
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Benoit,JoshuaB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Oyen,KennanJ;Croucher,Lillian;Benoit,JoshuaB
逃避捕食的能力调节捕食者-猎物的相互作用，并代表了生物体生活史的一个重要方面，影响进食，交配成功和生存。致死病，也被称为假死或强直性不动（TI），在分类学上广泛存在，但在吸血媒介中研究不足。吸血节肢动物，如蜱，在动物中是独特的，因为它们的捕食者（鸟类，小鼠，蜥蜴，青蛙和其他无脊椎动物）也可能是它们的食物来源。因此，捕食者回避和主机之间的权衡可能会转移，因为时间，因为最后一次血餐增加。由于蜱是缓慢移动，不能飞，或以其他方式逃脱，我们预测，他们可能会使用TI，以避免捕食，但TI会受到时间的影响，因为最后一次血餐（饥饿）。因此，我们的目的是量化这种关系，研究饥饿，体重和个体发育对TI的两个蜱种：Dermacentor variabilis（Say）（阿卡里：硬蜱科）和Rhipicephalus sanguineus（Latreille）（阿卡里：硬蜱科）。正如我们预测的那样，TI的持续时间和使用随着时间的推移，因为喂养和出现跨物种和生命阶段。因此，蜱虫在继续挨饿时可能会变得更加积极地寻找血餐，选择将潜在的捕食者视为宿主，而不是通过假装死亡来避免捕食。反捕食行为，如TI可能会影响的强度和时间蜱花在寻找主机，驱动模式的蜱传病原体的传播。这种新的抗捕食策略的鉴定和定量为我们对蜱虫生活史的理解增加了一个新的组成部分。
The ability to escape predation modulates predator–prey interactions and represents a crucial aspect of organismal life history, influencing feeding, mating success, and survival. Thanatosis, also known as death feigning or tonic immobility (TI), is taxonomically widespread, but understudied in blood-feeding vectors. Hematophagous arthropods, such as ticks, are unique among animals as their predators (birds, mice, lizards, frogs, and other invertebrates) may also be their source of food. Therefore, the trade-off between predator avoidance and host-seeking may shift as the time since the last bloodmeal increases. Because ticks are slow-moving and unable to fly, or otherwise escape, we predicted that they may use TI to avoid predation, but that TI would be influenced by time since the last bloodmeal (starvation). We therefore aimed to quantify this relationship, examining the effect of starvation, body mass, and ontogeny on TI for two tick species:Dermacentor variabilis(Say) (Acari: Ixodidae) andRhipicephalus sanguineus(Latreille) (Acari: Ixodidae). As we predicted, the duration and use of TI decreased with time since feeding and emergence across species and life stages. Therefore, ticks may become more aggressive in their search for a bloodmeal as they continue to starve, opting to treat potential predators as hosts, rather than avoiding predation by feigning death. Antipredator behaviors such as TI may influence the intensity and amount of time ticks spend searching for hosts, driving patterns of tick-borne pathogen transmission. This identification and quantification of a novel antipredation strategy add a new component to our understanding of tick life history.