Optimizing rainwater harvesting systems for the dual purposes of water supply and runoff capture
Optimizing rainwater harvesting systems for the dual purposes of water supply and runoff capture
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.075
复制
发表时间：
2014-07-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Liu, Jia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sample, David J.;Liu, Jia
雨水收集（RWH）系统回收和再利用径流，以满足需求。RWH还可以提供额外的好处，径流减少或捕获。RWH的大多数研究都集中在供水方面。我们评估分散RWH系统在广泛的土地利用和地点在弗吉尼亚州的供水和径流捕获，使用雨水分析和模拟程序（RASP）模型。RASP模拟RWH系统使用存储量，屋顶面积，灌溉面积和室内非饮用水需求作为输入。建立了RWH的生命周期成本效益模型。在每次模拟中评估了供水和径流捕获的可靠性。近最佳的解决方案，确定每种情况下，使用非线性元启发式算法的位置。虽然在任何土地使用案例或地点都没有实现正的净效益，但观察到了明显的差异。对于商业、办公室和高密度住宅案例，实现了20%的可靠性目标，或接近20%的可靠性目标，这些案例也具有最低的径流捕获单位成本。在所有情况下，供水的可靠性都具有约束力。统计分析表明，成本变化的特点是在弗吉尼亚州的两个位置，供水或径流捕获，三个位置是必要的，在特定的位置，一些土地使用可以结合起来。对每种土地使用的成本效益分析提供了一种确定供水和径流收集的最低成本解决方案的手段。据发现，净效益对水费和废水费非常敏感。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems recycle and reuse runoff to meet demand. RWH may also provide an additional benefit, runoff reduction or capture. Most studies of RWH have focused upon water supply exclusively. We evaluate decentralized RWH systems across a wide range of land uses and locations in Virginia for water supply and runoff capture, using the Rainwater Analysis and Simulation Program (RASP) model. RASP simulates an RWH system using storage volume, roof area, irrigated area, and indoor nonpotable demand as inputs. A lifecycle cost-benefit model of RWH was developed. Water supply and runoff capture reliability were assessed in each simulation. Near-optimal solutions were identified for each case and location using a nonlinear metaheuristic algorithm. While positive net benefits were not achieved in any of the land-use cases or locations, distinct differences were observed. A 20% reliability target was achieved, or nearly so, for commercial, office, and high density residential cases, which also had the lowest runoff capture unit costs. In all cases, water supply reliability was binding. Statistical analysis indicated that costs variability can be characterized by two locations in Virginia; for water supply or runoff capture, three locations are necessary, and within specific locations, some land-uses could be combined. Cost effectiveness analysis of each land use provided a means of identifying least cost solutions for water supply and runoff capture. Net benefits were found to be very sensitive to water and wastewater charges. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.