A Crisis of Data? Transparency Practices and Infrastructures of Value in Data Broker Platforms
A Crisis of Data? Transparency Practices and Infrastructures of Value in Data Broker Platforms
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/24694452.2022.2071201
复制
发表时间：
2022-07
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Matthew Zook;Ian Spangler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matthew Zook;Ian Spangler
尽管在经济生活中普遍存在透明度话语（例如，尽管在经济危机后的社会经济改革中，学术界才刚刚开始分析这些话语如何在平台经济中的市场参与者之间产生新的关系。在这篇文章中，我们认为，在金融市场和数据的政治经济学的背景下，透明度作为一种话语结构，为数据作为一种资产的制造和提取创造了合适的条件。首先，我们研究了透明度和不透明度在2007-2008年全球金融危机（GFC）的各种理解中的作用。在这样做的时候，我们将金融科技公司的出现与GFC的事后重建联系起来，我们称之为“数据危机”。然后，通过问题化的想法，透明的经济关系必然会导致更大的责任，公平，或公共利益，我们认为，透明度是更好地理解为一个不断和偶然重新谈判的关系实践。以债务数据为例，我们提供了数据经纪公司BlackRock和dv 01的案例研究，以分析透明度如何构成债务市场的物质基础设施，这有助于构建金融化政治经济中有利可图的数据资产。我们分析了我们的案例研究，重点是四个透明度的做法，用于注入数据与价值建设的关系，增加粒度，管理方向性，并创造易读性。
Despite the prevalence of transparency discourses in economic life (e.g., postcrisis socioeconomic reforms), scholarship is just beginning to analyze how these discourses produce new relations between market actors in platform economies. In this article, we argue that in the context of financial markets and the political economy of data, transparency functions as a discursive construction that creates suitable conditions for the manufacture and extraction of data as an asset. First, we examine the role of transparency and opacity in various understandings of the 2007–2008 global financial crisis (GFC). In doing so we link the emergence of FinTech firms to a careful ex post facto reconstruction of the GFC as what we term a “crisis of data.” Then, through problematizing the idea that transparent economic relations necessarily lead to greater accountability, equity, or public good, we argue that transparency is better understood as a relational practice that is continuously and contingently renegotiated. Taking up the example of debt data, we provide case studies of the data brokerage companies BlackRock and dv01 to analyze how transparency constitutes the material infrastructure of debt markets, which facilitates the construction of data assets for profitable circulation in a financialized political economy. We analyze our case studies with a focus on four transparency practices used to infuse data with value—building relationality, increasing granularity, managing directionality, and creating legibility.