Territory acquisition in loons: the importance of take-over
Territory acquisition in loons: the importance of take-over
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DOI：
10.1006/anbe.1999.1295
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发表时间：
2000-02
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
W. Piper;Keren B. Tischler;Margaret Klich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Piper;Keren B. Tischler;Margaret Klich
我们研究了常见的潜鸟，Gavia immer，从北方威斯康星州的领土收购和侦察模式。在所有的领土收购中，41.5%是通过被动占领前居民死亡或遗弃后留下的空置领土，17%是建立新的领土，其余41.5%是通过接管：在前所有者季节性回归之前侵占或占用领土。接管发生在两种性别，但个人单独行动，从来没有在两个。流离失所的繁殖者通常在他们以前的领土附近不设防的湖泊避难;这些潜鸟中约有一半后来通过被动占领重新获得以前的领土或在其他地方占有新的领土。正如侦察假说所预测的那样，侵占最常发生在过去12个月内生产小鸡的领土上，这表明潜鸟使用小鸡的存在或不存在作为领土侵占的线索。体型较大的个体比体型较小的个体在领地上占据的时间更长，这表明体型大小可能与战斗能力有关。在生活史方面，潜鸟似乎通过侦察找到好的领土，在随后的一年里篡夺它们，并通过收回原来的领土或新的领土来恢复流离失所。版权所有2000动物行为研究协会。
We examined patterns of territory acquisition and reconnaissance in common loons, Gavia immer, from northern Wisconsin. Among all territory acquisitions, 41.5% occurred through passive occupation of territories left vacant after the death or desertion of a previous resident, 17% constituted founding of new territories and the remaining 41.5% came about through take-over: either usurpation of defended territories or appropriation of territories before the seasonal return of previous owners. Take-overs occurred in both sexes, but individuals acted alone, never in pairs. Displaced breeders usually took refuge on undefended lakes near their former territories; about half of these loons later regained former territories through passive occupation or took possession of new territories elsewhere. As predicted by the reconnaissance hypothesis, usurpations occurred most often in territories that had produced chicks during the previous 12 months, suggesting that loons use the presence or absence of chicks as a cue for territorial usurpation. Large individuals of both sexes held onto territories longer than small individuals, an indication that body size might be correlated with fighting ability. In terms of life history, loons appear to locate good territories through reconnaissance, usurp them in a subsequent year and recover from displacements by reclaiming their original territories or new ones. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.