Equality bias impairs collective decision-making across cultures
Equality bias impairs collective decision-making across cultures
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1421692112
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发表时间：
2015-03-24
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Bahrami, Bahador
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mahmoodi, Ali;Bang, Dan;Bahrami, Bahador
我们倾向于认为每个人在辩论中都应该有平等的发言权。当我们作为一个群体的一部分一起做决定时，这个看似无害的假设可能是有害的。为了做出最佳决策，团队成员应该根据他们彼此之间的能力来权衡他们不同的意见；只要他们的能力不同，同等的权重就不是最优的。在这里，我们询问人们在集体感知决策任务的背景下如何处理能力的个体差异。我们开发了一个度量标准来估计参与者如何权衡他们伴侣的意见和他们自己的意见，并将这个权重与最佳基准进行比较。我们在三个国家（丹麦、伊朗和中国）进行了重复研究，结果表明，参与者对彼此意见的权重几乎相等，而不管他们在能力上的真正差异——即使得到了关于他们能力差距的明确反馈，或者受到金钱激励以最大限度地提高集体准确性。这种平等偏见，即人们表现得好像自己和伴侣一样好或一样坏，对于一个能力差距将其成员分开的群体来说，代价尤其高昂。
We tend to think that everyone deserves an equal say in a debate. This seemingly innocuous assumption can be damaging when we make decisions together as part of a group. To make optimal decisions, group members should weight their differing opinions according to how competent they are relative to one another; whenever they differ in competence, an equal weighting is suboptimal. Here, we asked how people deal with individual differences in competence in the context of a collective perceptual decision-making task. We developed a metric for estimating how participants weight their partner's opinion relative to their own and compared this weighting to an optimal benchmark. Replicated across three countries (Denmark, Iran, and China), we show that participants assigned nearly equal weights to each other's opinions regardless of true differences in their competence-even when informed by explicit feedback about their competence gap or under monetary incentives to maximize collective accuracy. This equality bias, whereby people behave as if they are as good or as bad as their partner, is particularly costly for a group when a competence gap separates its members.