Family Leave Policies and Labor Market Segregation in Germany: Reinvention or Reform of the Male Breadwinner Model?1
Family Leave Policies and Labor Market Segregation in Germany: Reinvention or Reform of the Male Breadwinner Model?1
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德国的家事假政策和劳动力市场隔离：男性养家糊口模式的重塑或改革？1
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Katherine Bird
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Karin Gottschall;Katherine Bird
德国西部历史上占主导地位的男性养家糊口和女性照顾者的模式导致了女性就业率极低和劳动力市场的性别结构。自1970年代以来，男性就业的传统模式和部门的衰落伴随着女性占主导地位的服务部门的扩张。再加上妇女的高等教育程度、家庭形式的多元化和德国的统一，妇女就业人数不断增加。随着越来越多的职业母亲，兼顾工作和家庭的问题引起了政策反应，在西德国，主要集中在家庭假政策上。在解决这些政策是否导致更公平地分担有偿工作和家务工作的问题时，本文提供了关于有权享受不同形式家事假的妇女的工作模式的纵向经验数据。这些研究表明，不断变化的规章制度如何导致年轻妇女的“育儿假”制度化，并助长了劳动力市场的排斥。版权所有2003年由政策研究组织。
The historically dominant male breadwinner and female carer model in West Germany has resulted in comparably low female employment rates and a gender-structured labor market. Since the 1970s, the decline of traditional patterns and sectors of male employment has been accompanied by the expansion of the female-dominated service sector. Supplemented by women's higher educational attainment, a pluralism of household forms, and German unification, the result has been constant growth in female employment. With more working mothers, the question of combining work and family has provoked policy responses that, in West Germany, have mainly centered on family leave policies. In addressing the question of whether these policies have resulted in a more equitable sharing of paid and family work, this article presents longitudinal empirical data on the working patterns of women entitled to different forms of family leave. These show how changing regulations have led to the institutionalization of a "baby break" for younger women and to the promotion of labor market exclusion. Copyright 2003 by The Policy Studies Organization.