Changes in soil CO2 and N2O emissions in response to urea and biochar-based urea in a subtropical Moso bamboo forest
Changes in soil CO2 and N2O emissions in response to urea and biochar-based urea in a subtropical Moso bamboo forest
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亚热带毛竹林土壤 CO2 和 N2O 排放量对尿素和生物炭基尿素的响应变化
DOI：
10.1016/j.still.2022.105625
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发表时间：
2023-04
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Li Yongfu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Shaobo;Zhou Jiashu;Chen Ji;Ge Tida;Cai Yanjiang;Yu Bing;Wang Hailong;White Jason C;Li Yongfu
生物炭基肥料的应用是一种有效的策略，以提高植物生长和土壤有机碳储量，然而，这种做法对土壤CO2和N2 O排放的影响和相关机制在亚热带森林知之甚少。通过两年田间试验，研究了尿素和生物炭基尿素对毛竹林土壤CO2和N2 O排放及土壤环境因子的影响。确定了5种处理：对照（不施肥），低和高施用量的尿素（100和300 kg N ha−1，LU和HU），以及低和高施用量的生物炭基尿素（100和300 kg N ha−1，LBU和HBU）。与对照相比，LU、HU和HBU处理第一年土壤CO2排放量增加（P< 0.05）。然而，这种刺激反应仅在第二年的HU治疗下观察到。LU和HU处理第一年土壤N2 O排放量增加，而HU处理第二年土壤N2 O排放量减少（P< 0.05），只有HU处理第二年土壤N2 O排放量增加。生物炭基尿素处理的土壤CO2排放量和Q10值均低于尿素处理（P< 0.05）。施用尿素显著提高了土壤NH 4 +-N、NO3−-N、水溶性有机C/N（WSOC/WSON）含量以及蔗糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性（P< 0.05）。相比之下，施用生物炭基尿素提高了WSOC、NH 4 +-N和NO3−-N含量，降低了WSON和β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性（P< 0.05）。CO2排放量与WSOC浓度和转化酶/β-葡萄糖苷酶活性相关; N2 O排放量与NH 4 +-N、NO3−-N、WSON和脲酶/蛋白酶活性相关（P<0. 05）。结构方程模型表明，施用尿素/生物炭基尿素主要通过改变活性C/N组分库的大小和C/N循环相关酶的活性来影响土壤CO2/N2 O排放。因此，与尿素相比，生物炭基尿素在缓解亚热带森林生态系统土壤CO2/N2 O排放方面具有更大的优势。
The application of biochar-based fertilizers is an effective strategy for enhancing plant growth and soil organic carbon stocks; however, the impacts of such practices on soil CO2and N2O emissions and associated mechanisms in subtropical forests are poorly understood. A two-year field trial was conducted to determine effects of urea and biochar-based urea on variations in soil CO2and N2O emissions, as well as various soil environmental factors in a subtropical Moso bamboo forest. Five treatments were established: a control (without fertilization), urea with low and high application rates (100 and 300 kg N ha−1, LU and HU), and biochar-based urea with low and high application rates (100 and 300 kg N ha−1, LBU and HBU). The soil CO2emissions were increased by LU, HU, and HBU treatments during the first year compared to controls (P< 0.05). However, this stimulatory response was observed only under the HU treatment during the second year. The soil N2O emissions increased under the LU and HU treatments during the first year but were decreased under HBU (P< 0.05); during the second year, only HU had a stimulatory effect. Importantly, the soil CO2emissions and theirQ10values under the biochar-based urea treatment were lower than those with urea (P< 0.05). The application of urea increased contents of NH4+-N, NO3−-N, water soluble organic C/N (WSOC/WSON), as well as activities of invertase, β-glucosidase, urease, and protease (P< 0.05). In comparison, application of biochar-based urea enhanced contents of WSOC, NH4+-N, and NO3−-N but decreased WSON and activities of β-glucosidase, urease, and protease (P< 0.05). Regardless of treatment, the CO2emissions were correlated with WSOC concentration and invertase/β-glucosidase activities; the N2O emissions were associated with (P< 0.05) NH4+-N, NO3−-N, WSON and urease/protease activities. Structural equation models revealed application of urea/biochar-based urea influenced the soil CO2/N2O emissions primarily through altering the pool size of labile C/N fractions and the activities of enzymes regarding C/N cycling. In conclusion, compared with urea, application of biochar-based urea provided more advantages for mitigating soil CO2/N2O emissions in subtropical forest ecosystems.
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