Developmental Consequences of Prenatal Exposure to Methadone a
Developmental Consequences of Prenatal Exposure to Methadone a
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产前接触美沙酮的发育后果
DOI：
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
S. Hans
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Hans
本文提出了与产前美沙酮暴露有关的生长和行为影响的证据。数据表明，美沙酮可能有轻微的直接致畸效应，反映在美沙酮暴露幼儿的头围减小、运动协调性差、身体紧张增加和运动里程碑的获得延迟。在整个样本中，美沙酮暴露对智力发育没有直接影响。然而，在极端恶劣的环境中养育的美沙酮暴露婴儿表现出非常延迟的智力发育。他们的功能比在这种环境中长大的未接触美沙酮的婴儿更差，比在更适当（尽管经济上仍然贫穷）的环境中长大的接触美沙酮的婴儿更差。这一发现很重要，因为它表明，在认知领域，美沙酮可能不会导致行为缺陷，而是使这些儿童变得脆弱，从而使他们更容易受到贫困环境的影响。这项研究的结果表明，大量接触美沙酮的儿童显然存在早期智力发育不良的风险，而这种风险的来源在很大程度上与环境因素有关。这些发现表明，预防性干预措施——集中于丰富这些儿童的早期经历（例如，高质量的婴儿日托）和提高家庭提供的护理质量——可能特别有效。
This paper has presented evidence of growth and behavioral effects related to prenatal methadone exposure. The data suggest that methadone may have a small direct teratological effect reflected in reduced head circumference, poorer motor coordination, increased body tension, and delayed acquisition of motor milestones in methadone-exposed toddlers. In the sample as a whole, there are no direct effects of methadone exposure on mental development. However, methadone-exposed infants reared in extremely poor environmental circumstances show very delayed mental development. They function more poorly than nonexposed infants reared in such environments and more poorly than methadone-exposed infants reared in more adequate (although still economically poor) environments. This finding is important because it suggests that in the cognitive domain, methadone may not cause a behavioral deficit, but instead create a vulnerability in these children that then makes them more susceptible to impoverished environments. The results from this study indicate that a large subgroup of methadone-exposed children are clearly at risk for poor early intellectual development and that the source of the risk is to a large degree related to environmental factors. These findings suggest that preventive interventions--focused both on enriching the early experiences of such children (e.g., high-quality infant day care) and improving the quality of caregiving provided in the homes--might be particularly effective.