Actin-Dynamics in Plant Cells: The Function of Actin-Perturbing Substances: Jasplakinolide, Chondramides, Phalloidin, Cytochalasins, and Latrunculins.
Actin-Dynamics in Plant Cells: The Function of Actin-Perturbing Substances: Jasplakinolide, Chondramides, Phalloidin, Cytochalasins, and Latrunculins.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-3124-8_13
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Blaas K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Holzinger A;Blaas K
本章将概述最常见的f -肌动蛋白干扰物质，这些物质用于研究活植物细胞中的肌动蛋白动力学，包括形态发生、运动、细胞器运动或诱导凋亡。这些物质可以分为两个主要的亚类——f -肌动蛋白稳定和聚合物质，如茉莉素内酯、软骨酰胺和f -肌动蛋白切断化合物，如凝乳酶和凝乳蛋白。Jasplakinolide最初是从海绵中分离出来的，现在可以合成并商品化，这是其作为膜透性f -肌动蛋白稳定和聚合剂广泛分布的原因，甚至可能具有抗癌活性。从真菌中提取的细胞松弛素具有切断f -肌动蛋白的功能，许多衍生物在商业上可用（A， B， C， D， E， H， J），也使其成为广泛使用的破坏f -肌动蛋白的化合物。从红海海绵中提取的latrunculins （A， B）也是如此，但作用方式不同，它与g -肌动蛋白结合，抑制其与丝的结合。在swinholide的情况下，与肌动蛋白二聚体形成稳定的复合物，也导致f -肌动蛋白的切断。为了影响植物细胞中f -肌动蛋白的动力学，膜透性药物在很大范围内是有用的。然而，我们也介绍了生殖器毒素及其合成衍生物，因为它们被广泛用于在固定细胞中可视化f -肌动蛋白。肝细胞有一种特殊的摄取机制，但在虹吸巨藻中也有描述。在本章中，重点放在植物细胞中的f -肌动蛋白动力学上，其中细胞质流的改变可以特别好地研究；然而，通过荧光应用的方法，包括phalloidin和抗体染色以及抑制剂药物的免疫荧光定位。
This chapter will give an overview of the most common F-actin perturbing substances, that are used to study actin dynamics in living plant cells in studies on morphogenesis, motility, organelle movement or when apoptosis has to be induced. These substances can be divided into two major subclasses – F-actin stabilizing and polymerizing substances like jasplakinolide, chondramides and F-actin severing compounds like chytochalasins and latrunculins. Jasplakinolide was originally isolated form a marine sponge, and can now be synthesized and has become commercially available, which is responsible for its wide distribution as membrane permeable F-actin stabilizing and polymerizing agent, which may even have anti-cancer activities. Cytochalasins, derived from fungi show an F-actin severing function and many derivatives are commercially available (A, B, C, D, E, H, J), also making it a widely used compound for F-actin disruption. The same can be stated for latrunculins (A, B), derived from red sea sponges, however the mode of action is different by binding to G-actin and inhibiting incorporation into the filament. In the case of swinholide a stable complex with actin dimers is formed resulting also in severing of F-actin. For influencing F-actin dynamics in plant cells only membrane permeable drugs are useful in a broad range. We however introduce also the phallotoxins and synthetic derivatives, as they are widely used to visualize F-actin in fixed cells. A particular uptake mechanism has been shown for hepatocytes, but has also been described in siphonal giant algae. In the present chapter the focus is set on F-actin dynamics in plant cells where alterations in cytoplasmic streaming can be particularly well studied; however methods by fluorescence applications including phalloidin- and antibody staining as well as immunofluorescence-localization of the inhibitor drugs are given.