ATX3, ATX4, and ATX5 Encode Putative H3K4 Methyltransferases and Are Critical for Plant Development1[CC-BY]
ATX3, ATX4, and ATX5 Encode Putative H3K4 Methyltransferases and Are Critical for Plant Development1[CC-BY]
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ATX3、ATX4 和 ATX5 编码假定的 H3K4 甲基转移酶，对于植物发育至关重要(1[CC-BY])
DOI：
10.1104/pp.16.01944
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
He, Yan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Li-Qun;Luo, Jin-Hong;He, Yan
H3组蛋白尾部的Lys残基的甲基化是染色质状态和基因表达的关键调节剂，由含有进化上保守的SET结构域的酶大家族赋予。SET结构域蛋白的主要类型之一是控制H3 K4二-和三甲基化的那些。拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）的基因组编码12种这样的蛋白，包括5种ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX（ATX）蛋白和7种ATX相关蛋白。在这里，我们研究了三种迄今尚未探索的ATX蛋白，ATX 3，ATX 4和ATX 5。我们发现，它们表现出相似的结构域和表达模式，是营养和生殖发育所必需的。ATX 3、ATX 4和ATX 5基因的同时破坏导致全基因组H3 K4 me 2和H3 K4 me 3水平显著降低，并导致数千个基因异位表达。此外，atx 3/atx 4/atx 5三重突变体与atx 2突变体组合时导致夸大的表型，但与atx 1组合时则不然。总之，我们得出结论，ATX 3，ATX 4和ATX 5是多余的H3 K4二-和三甲基化在位于整个基因组的数千个位点所需的，与靶向区域相关的基因组特征不同于拟南芥中的ATXR 3/SDG 2控制的位点。
Methylation of Lys residues in the tail of the H3 histone is a key regulator of chromatin state and gene expression, conferred by a large family of enzymes containing an evolutionarily conserved SET domain. One of the main types of SET domain proteins are those controlling H3K4 di- and trimethylation. The genome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) encodes 12 such proteins, including five ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX (ATX) proteins and seven ATX-Related proteins. Here, we examined three untilnow-unexplored ATX proteins, ATX3, ATX4, and ATX5. We found that they exhibit similar domain structures and expression patterns and are redundantly required for vegetative and reproductive development. Concurrent disruption of the ATX3, ATX4, and ATX5 genes caused marked reduction in H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 levels genome-wide and resulted in thousands of genes expressed ectopically. Furthermore, atx3/atx4/atx5 triple mutants resulted in exaggerated phenotypes when combined with the atx2 mutant but not with atx1. Together, we conclude that ATX3, ATX4, and ATX5 are redundantly required for H3K4 di- and trimethylation at thousands of sites located across the genome, and genomic features associated with targeted regions are different from the ATXR3/SDG2-controlled sites in Arabidopsis.