Compartmentalizing intestinal epithelial cell toll-like receptors for immune surveillance.
Compartmentalizing intestinal epithelial cell toll-like receptors for immune surveillance.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00018-015-1931-1
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发表时间：
2015-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gao N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yu S;Gao N
Toll 样受体 (TLR) 是膜结合的微生物传感器，可介导重要的宿主对微生物的反应。 TLR 功能的细胞生物学方面已在专业免疫细胞（特别是巨噬细胞和树突状细胞）中进行了深入研究，但在其他专门的上皮细胞类型中尚未得到充分研究。成体肠上皮细胞与数万亿肠道微生物密切接触，并参与终生免疫监视。与免疫细胞相反，成熟的肠上皮细胞是高度极化的。最近的研究表明，不同的机制可能控制这些特殊上皮细胞中的 TLR 运输和区室化，以建立和维持个体 TLR 的精确信号传导。我们以免疫细胞为参考，在此讨论肠上皮细胞用于控制 TLR 转运、定位、加工、激活和信号传导的共享和/或独特的分子机制。更好地了解这些机制肯定会对主要消化系统疾病，特别是炎症性肠病的机制和潜在干预产生重要的见解。
Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound microbial sensors that mediate important host-to-microbe responses. Cell biology aspects of TLR function have been intensively studied in professional immune cells in particular the macrophages and dendritic cells, but not well explored in other specialized epithelial cell types. The adult intestinal epithelial cells are in close contact with trillions of enteric microbes and engage in life long immune surveillance. Mature intestinal epithelial cells, in contrast to immune cells, are highly polarized. Recent studies suggest that distinct mechanisms may govern TLR traffic and compartmentalization in these specialized epithelial cells to establish and maintain precise signaling of individual TLRs. We, using immune cells as references, discuss here the shared and/or unique molecular machineries used by intestinal epithelial cells to control TLR transport, localization, processing, activation, and signaling. A better understanding of these mechanisms will certainly generate important insights into both the mechanism and potential intervention of leading digestive disorders in particular the inflammatory bowel diseases.