Evaluation of intramuscular butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine and nasal oxygen insufflation for the chemical immobilization of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus
Evaluation of intramuscular butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine and nasal oxygen insufflation for the chemical immobilization of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus
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DOI：
10.1638/2007-0150.1
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Miller, Michael W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mich, Patrice M.;Wolfe, Lisa L.;Miller, Michael W.
对野生动物的化学固定通常包括阿片类药物或环六胺。这些物质由于其所需的储存、处理和记录保存协议而存在问题。一种潜在有用的替代镇静方案包括布托啡诺、阿扎哌隆和美托咪定的组合（BAM：0.43 mg/kg布托啡诺，0.36 mg/kg阿扎哌隆。0.14 mg/kg美托咪定）。任何药物组合都有使野生动物无法动弹的风险，其中之一就是低氧血症。这可能是特别重要的，当使用α 2激动剂，如美托咪定，因为其强大的血管收缩作用。在这项前瞻性研究中，BAM组合的化学固定的白尾鹿进行了评估。此外，选择与BAM固定相关的生理参数，包括通过脉搏血氧饱和度和动脉血气测量的氧饱和度。有和没有鼻吹入氧气在相对较低的流量为3 L/min，进行了评价。BAM组合导致了可预测的镇静发作，平均诱导时间为9.8 +/- 3.6分钟。所有鹿恢复顺利，在5-20分钟的范围内逆转后，肌内注射纳洛酮。阿替帕唑和妥拉唑啉（NAT）。在未接受补充氧气的动物中观察到动脉血氧分压（PaO 2）和血氧饱和度（SpO（2））的临床相关降低，而补充氧气的鹿的两个参数均显著改善。使用该方案的脉搏血氧饱和度是一个不可靠的氧饱和度指标。在这项研究中，海拔高度、横卧、换气不足、布托啡诺和美托咪定特异性效应以及α 2激动剂诱导的肺部变化的可能性都可能导致低氧血症的发生。总的来说，捕获的白尾鹿与BAM/NAT协议导致优良的化学固定和逆转。由于BAM联合用药导致严重低氧血症，脉搏血氧测定法无法可靠检测，但鼻内吸氧可解决，因此建议常规使用氧气补充。
Chemical immobilization of wildlife often includes opioids or cyclohexamines. These substances are problematic as a result of their required storage, handling, and record-keeping protocols. A potentially useful alternative sedation protocol includes a combination of butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine (BAM: 0.43 mg/kg butorphanol, 0.36 mg/kg azaperone. 0.14 mg/kg medetomidine). One risk of wildlife immobilization with any drug combination is hypoxemia. This may be of particular importance when using an alpha 2 agonist such as medetomidine because of its powerful vasoconstrictive effect. In this prospective study, the BAM combination was evaluated for chemical immobilization of white-tailed deer. Additionally, selected physiologic parameters associated with BAM immobilization, including oxygen saturation Via Pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas measurement. with and without nasal insufflation of oxygen at a relatively low flow of 3 L/min, were evaluated. The BAM combination resulted in a predictable onset of sedation, with a mean induction time to lateral recumbency of 9.8 +/- 3.6 min. All deer recovered smoothly within a range of 5-20 min after reversal with intramuscular administration of naltrexone. atipamazole, and tolazoline (NAT). Clinically relevant decreases in arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) were observed in animals not receiving supplemental oxygen, while both parameters significantly improved for oxygen-supplemented deer. Pulse oximetry with this protocol was an unreliable indicator of oxygen saturation. In this study, altitude, recumbency, hypoventilation, butorphanol- and medetomidine-specific effects, as well as the potential for alpha 2 agonist-induced pulmonary changes all may have contributed to the development of hypoxemia. Overall, capture of white-tailed deer with the BAM/NAT protocol resulted in excellent chemical immobilization and reversal. Because the BAM combination caused significant hypoxemia that is Unreliably detected by pulse oximetry but that may be resolved with nasal oxygen insufflation, routine use of oxygen supplementation is recommended.