Hidden dispersal in an urban world: genetic analysis reveals occasional long-distance dispersal and limited spatial substructure among Dutch pine martens
Hidden dispersal in an urban world: genetic analysis reveals occasional long-distance dispersal and limited spatial substructure among Dutch pine martens
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DOI：
10.1007/s10592-015-0765-6
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Koelewijn, H. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Groot, G. A.;Hofmeester, T. R.;Koelewijn, H. P.
特别是在城市化的景观中，栖息地的破碎化和基础设施特征数量的增加可能会限制野生动物种群之间的遗传交流。然而，这是否会导致不同生境片段中个体之间的遗传分化，将取决于所研究的物种和景观的组成。欧洲松貂（Martes martes）在欧洲范围内的尺度上表现出清晰的空间结构，但在密集的城市化地区，栖息地斑块之间的基因流是否可以保持在一个更局部的规模仍不清楚。在这里，我们分析了从分散在荷兰，世界上人口最稠密的地区之一的位置采样的270松貂的基因型数据。使用贝叶斯聚类模型，我们表明，最有可能的最大两个大型亚群存在于荷兰。我们观察到相对较低水平的遗传分化和遗传证据的定期长途传播的青少年，必须跨越一个或多个主要公路。我们的研究结果表明，荷兰松貂之间的遗传交换，直到2010年，没有受到严重影响的国家密集的基础设施网络。此外，尽管最近出现了人口瓶颈，但该物种似乎仍保持了其遗传多样性。这些结论支持的想法，栖息地破碎化的影响可能会有很大的不同（组）的物种，优先级和优化管理决策，因此需要直接研究的目标物种。
Especially in urbanized landscapes, habitat fragmentation and increasing numbers of infrastructural features may limit genetic exchange among wildlife populations. Yet, whether this results in genetic differentiation among individuals in different habitat fragments will depend on both the species studied and the composition of the landscape. European pine martens (Martes martes) show clear spatial structure at a Europe-wide scale, but whether gene flow among habitat patches can be maintained at a more local scale in intensively urbanized areas remained unclear. Here, we analysed genotypic data from 270 pine martens sampled from locations scattered across the Netherlands, one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Using Bayesian clustering models we show that most likely maximum two large subpopulations exist in the Netherlands. We observed relatively low levels of genetic differentiation and genetic evidence of regular long-distance dispersal by juveniles that must have crossed one or multiple major highways. Our results suggest that genetic exchange among Dutch pine martens has, until 2010, not been impacted severely by the countries' dense infrastructural network. Furthermore this species seems to have maintained its genetic diversity despite a recent demographic bottleneck. These conclusions support the idea that the effects of habitat fragmentation may strongly differ between (groups of) species, and that prioritization and optimization of management decisions thus requires direct study of the targeted species.