Use of Infrared Camera to Understand Bats' Access to Date Palm Sap: Implications for Preventing Nipah Virus Transmission
Use of Infrared Camera to Understand Bats' Access to Date Palm Sap: Implications for Preventing Nipah Virus Transmission
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DOI：
10.1007/s10393-010-0366-2
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Luby, Stephen P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Khan, M. Salah Uddin;Hossain, Jahangir;Luby, Stephen P.
狐蝠通常感染尼帕病毒，但没有疾病迹象。孟加拉国的人类尼帕病毒爆发恰逢椰枣树汁收获季节。在流行病学研究中，饮用生的椰枣汁是人类感染尼帕病毒的一个危险因素。我们进行了一项研究，以评估蝙蝠的访问椰枣汁。我们安装了红外摄像机，从下午5点到早上6点，在检测到椰枣树的运动时，这些摄像机会无声地捕捉图像。此外，我们放置了两种当地使用的预防技术，竹裙和石灰（CaCO 3）涂抹在椰枣树上，以评估它们在防止蝙蝠获取树液方面的有效性。在20个摄影之夜的观察中，14个摄影之夜发现树周围有132只蝙蝠，其中91只出现在树液流动起源的树木剃光表面，4只出现在流向收集罐的树液流处，并且没有蝙蝠在水龙头或收集罐上;其余6个摄影之夜没有记录任何蝙蝠来访。在预防技术中，竹裙放置了四个摄像机之夜，防止蝙蝠进入树液。这项研究证实，蝙蝠经常访问椰枣树，并与收集供人类食用的树液接触。这进一步证明了椰枣汁是蝙蝠体内的尼帕病毒和人类体内的尼帕病毒之间的重要联系。努力防止蝙蝠接触树木的剃光表面和树液流，可以减少尼帕病毒对人类的溢出。
Pteropus bats are commonly infected with Nipah virus, but show no signs of illness. Human Nipah outbreaks in Bangladesh coincide with the date palm sap harvesting season. In epidemiologic studies, drinking raw date palm sap is a risk factor for human Nipah infection. We conducted a study to evaluate bats' access to date palm sap. We mounted infrared cameras that silently captured images upon detection of motion on date palm trees from 5:00 pm to 6:00 am. Additionally, we placed two locally used preventative techniques, bamboo skirts and lime (CaCO3) smeared on date palm trees to assess their effectiveness in preventing bats access to sap. Out of 20 camera-nights of observations, 14 identified 132 visits of bats around the tree, 91 to the shaved surface of the tree where the sap flow originates, 4 at the stream of sap moving toward the collection pot, and no bats at the tap or on the collection pots; the remaining 6 camera-nights recorded no visits. Of the preventative techniques, the bamboo skirt placed for four camera-nights prevented bats access to sap. This study confirmed that bats commonly visited date palm trees and physically contacted the sap collected for human consumption. This is further evidence that date palm sap is an important link between Nipah virus in bats and Nipah virus in humans. Efforts that prevent bat access to the shaved surface and the sap stream of the tree could reduce Nipah spillovers to the human population.