24-h urinary free cortisol from mid-pregnancy to 3-months postpartum: Gender and parity differences and effects
24-h urinary free cortisol from mid-pregnancy to 3-months postpartum: Gender and parity differences and effects
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DOI：
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.08.013
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Figueiredo, Barbara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conde, Ana;Figueiredo, Barbara
背景资料：妊娠和产后与几种生理变化有关;然而，经验证据几乎完全是在经产妇中获得的，很少有研究关注男性和第二次父母的激素变化。本研究的主要目的是检查24小时尿游离皮质醇从怀孕中期到产后3个月，比较妇女/男子和第一/第二次parents.Methods：26名妇女和22名男子（N = 48）被招募从产前产科单位在波尔图，葡萄牙。24小时尿游离皮质醇测定在第2和第3个月和产后3个月。进行重复测量方差分析，以分析在此期间24小时尿游离皮质醇的变化模式。性别和胎次作为潜在的修饰因素纳入分析中，以比较女性和男性以及第一次和第二次为人父母。结果：所有父母的24小时尿游离皮质醇从妊娠第二阶段到妊娠第三阶段有所增加（p = 0.006），从妊娠第三阶段到产后3个月有所下降（p = 0.005）。时间 * 性别的相互作用效应（p = .03）和时间 * 奇偶校验（p = .02）。女性和初为人父母者的24小时尿游离皮质醇水平高于产后3个月，而男性和二胎父母者的24小时尿游离皮质醇水平低于产后3个月。研究结果似乎澄清了方向，以及，24小时尿游离皮质醇的变化，从怀孕中期到产后3个月的时间，性别和奇偶扩展。从怀孕中期到产后3个月，所有父母24小时尿游离皮质醇的变化模式相同，这与激素在育儿准备中的作用一致。性别和产次差异以及对24小时尿游离皮质醇的影响也与皮质醇作为压力生物标志物相一致，女性和首次父母与分娩后养育男性和第二次父母相关的更高需求相比，与怀孕和分娩相关的更高挑战。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Background: Pregnancy and postpartum have been associated to several physiological changes; however, empirical evidence was almost exclusively obtained in primiparous women and few studies focus on hormonal changes in men and second-time parents. The main aim of this study is to examine 24-h urinary free cortisol from mid-pregnancy to 3-months postpartum, comparing women/men and first/second-time parents.Methods: Twenty-six women and 22 men (N = 48) were recruited from an antenatal obstetric unit in Porto, Portugal. 24-h urinary free cortisol was measured at the 2nd and 3rd trimester and at 3-months postpartum. Repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted, in order to analyze 24-h urinary free cortisol patterns of change over this period. Gender and parity were included in the analyses as potential modifiers, in order to compare women and men, and first-and second-time parents.Results: An increase from the 2nd to the 3rd trimester (p = .006) and a decrease from the 3rd trimester to 3-months postpartum (p = .005) were reported in all parents' 24-h urinary free cortisol. The interaction effects for Time * Gender (p = .03) and Time*Parity (p = .02) were found. Women and first-time parents revealed higher levels, while men and second-time parents showed lower 24-h urinary free cortisol levels at the 2nd trimester than at 3-months postpartum.Conclusions: Findings appear to clarify the direction, as well as, the timing, gender and parity extension of 24-h urinary free cortisol changes from mid-pregnancy to 3-months postpartum. The same pattern of change in all parents' 24-h urinary free cortisol from mid-pregnancy to 3-months postpartum is consistent with the proposed role of hormones in preparation to parenting. Gender and parity differences and effects on 24-h urinary free cortisol are also consistent with cortisol as a stress biomarker for higher challenges associated to pregnancy and childbirth in women and first-time parents versus higher demands related to after childbirth parenting in men and second-time parents. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.