Vascular Development.
Vascular Development.
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DOI：
10.1161/atvbaha.118.310223
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发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Majesky MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Majesky MW
血管系统形成为内皮细胞的分支网络，其获得动脉、静脉、生血或淋巴的身份。内皮特化依赖于由包含Ets结构域的因子（包括Ets变体基因2（Etv 2））转录的基因靶标，以及包含Brahma相关基因-1（Brg 1）的染色质重塑复合物的活性。一旦被指定并组装成血管，调节管腔直径和轴向生长的机制确保分支血管网络的结构与靶组织的灌注需求相匹配。此外，血管提供重要的形态发生线索，引导或指导周围器官的发育。随着胚胎的生长和管腔直径的增加，平滑肌细胞（SMC）包裹在新生血管壁周围，以提供循环的机械强度和血管控制。增加机械拉伸和壁应变促进平滑肌细胞分化，通过耦合肌动蛋白细胞骨架重塑myocardin和血清反应因子依赖的转录。在对血管壁损伤、炎症或慢性缺氧的生理和病理适应过程中，发育信号通路导致的动脉壁重塑在出生后的血管中再次出现。最近的报告提供了深入了解血管发育的主要步骤，特别强调最近发表在动脉粥样硬化，血栓形成和血管生物学的研究。
The vascular system forms as a branching network of endothelial cells that acquire identity as arterial, venous, hemogenic, or lymphatic. Endothelial specification depends on gene targets transcribed by Ets domain-containing factors, including Ets variant gene 2 (Etv2), together with the activity of chromatin remodeling complexes containing Brahma-related gene-1 (Brg1). Once specified and assembled into vessels, mechanisms regulating lumen diameter and axial growth ensure that the structure of the branching vascular network matches the need for perfusion of target tissues. In addition, blood vessels provide important morphogenic cues that guide or direct the development of organs forming around them. As the embryo grows and lumen diameters increase, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) wrap around the nascent vessel walls to provide mechanical strength and vasomotor control of the circulation. Increasing mechanical stretch and wall strain promote SMC differentiation via coupling of actin cytoskeletal remodeling to myocardin and serum response factor-dependent transcription. Remodeling of artery walls by developmental signaling pathways reappears in postnatal blood vessels during physiological and pathological adaptation to vessel wall injury, inflammation or chronic hypoxia. Recent reports providing insights into major steps in vascular development are reviewed here with a particular emphasis on studies that have been recently published in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.