Characteristic contaminants in snowpack and snowmelt surface runoff from different functional areas in Beijing, China
Characteristic contaminants in snowpack and snowmelt surface runoff from different functional areas in Beijing, China
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北京不同功能区积雪和融雪地表径流特征污染物
DOI：
10.1007/s11356-018-3501-1
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Liu Jianying
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yuan Donghai;Liu Yuqin;Guo Xujing;Liu Jianying
对北京商务区（BA）、文教区（CEA）、园林区（GA）、居住区（RA）和路边区（RSA）5个不同功能区采集的68个城市融雪地表径流和积雪样品进行理化参数、溶解相重金属和多环芳烃（PAHs）特征调查。融雪地表径流和积雪均受到有机物的严重污染，化学需氧量 (COD) 和总有机碳 (TOC) 浓度较高表明。在分析的 11 种重金属中，所有样品中 Zn 的富集程度最高，其次是 Mn、Fe 和 Cu，而 Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Ni、Sb 和 Co 的浓度相对较低。结果表明，典型的交通排放、自然事件、工业实践和人类活动是重金属的主要来源。低分子量 (LMW) 多环芳烃是融雪和积雪的主要来源。蒽 (Ant) 和芴 (Flo) 是融雪地表径流和积雪中最丰富的多环芳烃。供暖和交通活动燃煤是北京冬季融雪地表径流和积雪中PAH污染物的最主要贡献者。然而，生态风险评估表明，融雪地表径流中的重金属对下游水生环境几乎没有风险。中等潜在生态风险可能由 Ant、Flo、苯并[g, h, i]苝 (BghiP) 和苯并[a]芘 (BaA) 引起。
Characteristics of physicochemical parameters, dissolved-phase heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated for 68 urban snowmelt surface runoff and snowpack samples collected from five different functional areas in Beijing, including a business area (BA), a cultural and educational area (CEA), a garden area (GA), a residential area (RA), and a roadside area (RSA). Both snowmelt surface runoff and snowpack were significantly polluted by organic matter, as indicated by their high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC). Among the 11 heavy metals analyzed, Zn was the most enriched in all samples, followed by Mn, Fe, and Cu, whereas the concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Ni, Sb, and Co were comparatively low. The results suggested that typical traffic emissions, natural events, industrial practices, and human activities were mainly sources of heavy metals. Low molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs were the dominant sources in snowmelt and snowpack. Anthracene (Ant) and fluorene (Flo) were the most enriched PAHs in both snowmelt surface runoff and snowpack. Coal burning for heating and traffic activities were the most important contributors of PAH pollutants in snowmelt surface runoff and snowpack in Beijing in the winter. Ecological risk assessment demonstrated, however, that heavy metals in snowmelt surface runoff pose little risk to downstream aquatic environments. A middle potential ecological risk could be caused by Ant, Flo, benzo[g, h, i]perylene (BghiP), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaA).