Air pollution and child respiratory health - A case-crossover study in Australia and new Zealand
Air pollution and child respiratory health - A case-crossover study in Australia and new Zealand
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DOI：
10.1164/rccm.200411-1586oc
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
24.7
通讯作者：
Simpson, RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barnett, AG;Williams, GM;Simpson, RW
理由：室外空气污染与儿童入院之间的关联强度尚未明确。目标：在控制天气、季节和其他污染物的混杂影响后，估计室外空气污染对儿童呼吸道疾病的影响。方法：该研究使用了澳大利亚五个城市和新西兰两个城市的儿童呼吸系统住院数据（三个年龄组：<1 岁、1-4 岁和 5-14 岁）。采用病例交叉法对每日住院人数时间序列进行分析；使用随机效应荟萃分析将城市的结果结合起来。测量和主要结果：各城市儿童因肺炎和急性支气管炎（0、1-4 岁）、呼吸道疾病（0、1-4、5-14 岁）和哮喘（5-14 岁）入院的人数显着增加。这些增加是针对直径小于 2.5 μm (PM2.5) 和小于 10 μm (PM10) 的颗粒物、比浊法、NO2 和 SO2 发现的。发现的最大关联是，与 24 小时 NO2 增加 5.1 ppb 相关，哮喘入院人数（5-14 岁）增加 6.0%。结论：这项研究发现室外空气污染与儿童入院率短期增加之间存在密切且一致的关联。许多不同的污染物表现出显着的关联，并且这些关联与任何温度（温暖或凉爽）的影响不同。
Rationale: The strength of the association between outdoor air pollution and hospital admissions in children has not yet been well defined. Objectives: To estimate the impact of outdoor air pollution on respiratory morbidity in children after controlling for the confounding effects of weather, season, and other pollutants. Methods: The study used data on respiratory hospital admissions in children (three age groups: < 1, 1-4, and 5-14years) for five cities in Australia and two in New Zealand. Time series of daily numbers of hospital admissions were analyzed using the case-crossover method; the results from cities were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. Measurements and Main Results: Significant increases across the cities were observed for hospital admissions in children for pneumonia and acute bronchitis (0, 1-4 years), respiratory disease (0, 1-4, 5-14 years), and asthma (5-14 years). These increases were found for particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and less than 10 mu m (PM10), nephelometry, NO2, and SO2. The largest association found was a 6.0% increase in asthma admissions (5-14years) in relation to a 5.1-ppb increase in 24-hour NO2. Conclusions: This study found strong and consistent associations between outdoor air pollution and short-term increases in childhood hospital admissions. A number of different pollutants showed significant associations, and these were distinct from any temperature (warm or cool) effects.