Urban schistosomiasis and associated determinant factors among school children in Bamako, Mali, West Africa.
Urban schistosomiasis and associated determinant factors among school children in Bamako, Mali, West Africa.
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西非马里巴马科（Bamako）的小学生中城市血吸虫病和相关的决定因素。
DOI：
10.1186/2049-9957-4-4
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Doumbo O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dabo A;Diarra AZ;Machault V;Touré O;Niambélé DS;Kanté A;Ongoiba A;Doumbo O
血吸虫病通常被描述为一种发生在卫生条件差的地区的农村疾病。然而，近几十年来，血吸虫病疫源地向城市地区扩展，面临着快速和无序的城市化。在马里的巴马科，环境变化对血吸虫病等病媒传染疾病的影响并不为人所知。本研究旨在确定巴马科是否存在血吸虫病传播热点。从这个角度，我们的目的是描述血吸虫病流行和维持的危险因素。在巴马科的六个市（镇）进行了一项跨部门研究。从地球观测卫星获得了环境信息，以便最大限度地扩大生态对比。确定了29个200米x200米的区块。我们会在每座楼宇内或附近的学校抽取尿液及粪便样本进行化验。研究队列是8至15岁的学龄儿童。曼氏血吸虫和曼氏血吸虫采用Kato-Katz法和过滤法。分别对粪便和尿液中的埃及血蜱卵进行研究。学校和蜗牛繁殖地都有地理参考。2011年10月至2012年2月期间进行了四次软体动物学调查。双变量分析用于确定感染血吸虫病的独立预测因素。S.嗜血杆菌14.7%（n = 1，761）;曼氏1.5%（n = 1，491）。总体而言，76.6%的学校存在尿型流行病。各城市之间的感染率差异显著（p < 0.001）。尼日尔河左岸的流行率也高于右岸（分别为17.4%和9.5%; p < 0.001）。邻近钉螺孳生地（OR = 3.677; 95% IC [2.765-4.889]; p < 10-3）和父母职业（OR = 7.647; 95% IC [2.406-24.305]; p < 0.001）是最重要的危险因素。暴露于嗜血杆菌感染。双脐螺（Biomphalaria pfeifferi）、截形泡螺（Bulinus truncatus）和B.球状体是捕获的中间宿主。B的自然感染率（SNIR）在10月和11月很低或为零，但在1月和2月分别上升到2.8%和8.3%。pfeifferi和B. truncatus，分别。我们的研究结果表明，在巴马科，血吸虫病的传播风险很高。需要采取适当的综合控制措施，以控制该疾病在研究区域的传播。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/2049-9957-4-4）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Schistosomiasis is classically described as a rural disease that occurs in areas with poor sanitary conditions. However, over recent decades, there has been an expansion of schistosomiasis foci towards urban areas faced with a rapid and disordered urbanization. In Bamako, Mali, the impact of environmental change on vector-borne diseases such as schistosomiasis is not well known. This study sought to identify the presence of schistosomiasis transmission hotspots in Bamako. Using this perspective, we aimed to describe the risk factors of the endemization and maintenance of schistosomiasis. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the six municipalities (communes) in Bamako. Environmental information was obtained from earth observation satellites in order to maximize ecological contrasts. Twenty-nine blocks of 200 m x 200 m were identified. We selected a school inside or nearest to each block for urine and stool samples examination. The study cohort was school children aged between eight and 15 years. The Kato-Katz technique and filtration were used for Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium ova research in stools and urine, respectively. The schools and snail breeding sites were georeferenced. Four malacological surveys were conducted between October 2011 and February 2012. Bivariate analysis was used to identify independent predictors of being infected with schistosomiasis. The prevalence rate of S. haematobium was 14.7% (n = 1,761) and that of S. mansoni 1.5% (n = 1,491). Overall, the urinary form was endemic in 76.6% of schools. The infection significantly varied between the municipalities (p < 0.001). It was also more prevalent on the left side of the Niger River than the right side (17.4% vs. 9.5% respectively; p < 0.001). The vicinity to snail breeding sites (OR = 3.677; 95% IC [2.765–4.889]; p < 10-3) and parents’ occupations (OR = 7.647; 95% IC [2.406–24.305]; p < 0.001) were the most important risk factors associated with S. haematobium infection exposure. Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Bulinus truncatus, and B. globosus were the intermediate hosts captured. The schistosome natural infection rates (SNIRs), which were low or nil in October and November, rose to 2.8% in January and 8.3% in February for B. pfeifferi and B. truncatus, respectively. Our findings show that there is a high transmission risk for schistosomiasis in Bamako. Appropriate integrated control measures need to be introduced to control the transmission of this disease in the study area. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2049-9957-4-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.