Physical Drivers of Phytoplankton Bloom Initiation in the Southern Ocean's Scotia Sea

Physical Drivers of Phytoplankton Bloom Initiation in the Southern Ocean's Scotia Sea
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南大洋斯科舍海浮游植物大量繁殖的物理驱动因素

DOI:
10.1029/2019jc015162
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mazloff, Matthew R.
Mazloff, Matthew R.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Prend, Channing J.;Gille, Sarah T.;Talley, Lynne D.;Mitchell, B. Greg;Rosso, Isabella;Mazloff, Matthew R.

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斯科舍海是南大洋春季最大的浮游植物繁殖地之一。过去的研究表明,架子铁的投入是该地区高生产力的原因,但引发和维持水华的物理机制尚未得到很好的理解。对2002年至2017年剖面浮子数据的分析表明,在冬季到春季的过渡期间,斯科舍海的混合层深度异常浅,这使得该地区比南极环极流的其他地区更早地在季节中出现水华。我们将这些结果与1/6°数据同化的南大洋状态估计中的混合层深度进行比较,然后使用模型输出来评估控制该地区混合层变率的物理平衡。结果表明威德尔海表层水的侧向平流对分层的形成具有重要意义。拉格朗日粒子释放实验表明,在水华区,威德尔流出量占水柱上200米水量的10%。这种密集的威德尔水俯冲到斯科舍海的表层水以下,建立了一个明显的地下密度对比,这是冬季对流无法克服的。剖面浮子轨迹与该地区复杂水深上泰勒柱的形成相一致,这也可能有助于形成独特的分层。此外,2016年和2017年开花事件的生物地球化学测量表明,与泰勒柱相关的垂直交换通过将营养物质输送到光带来提高生产力。
The Scotia Sea is the site of one of the largest spring phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean. Past studies suggest that shelf‐iron inputs are responsible for the high productivity in this region, but the physical mechanisms that initiate and sustain the bloom are not well understood. Analysis of profiling float data from 2002 to 2017 shows that the Scotia Sea has an unusually shallow mixed‐layer depth during the transition from winter to spring, allowing the region to support a bloom earlier in the season than elsewhere in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. We compare these results to the mixed‐layer depth in the 1/6° data‐assimilating Southern Ocean State Estimate and then use the model output to assess the physical balances governing mixed‐layer variability in the region. Results indicate the importance of lateral advection of Weddell Sea surface waters in setting the stratification. A Lagrangian particle release experiment run backward in time suggests that Weddell outflow constitutes 10% of the waters in the upper 200 m of the water column in the bloom region. This dense Weddell water subducts below the surface waters in the Scotia Sea, establishing a sharp subsurface density contrast that cannot be overcome by wintertime convection. Profiling float trajectories are consistent with the formation of Taylor columns over the region's complex bathymetry, which may also contribute to the unique stratification. Furthermore, biogeochemical measurements from 2016 and 2017 bloom events suggest that vertical exchange associated with this Taylor column enhances productivity by delivering nutrients to the euphotic zone.
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