Phylogeny, character evolution and biogeography of the genus Sclerophylax (Solanaceae)
Phylogeny, character evolution and biogeography of the genus Sclerophylax (Solanaceae)
复制标题
硬菌属（茄科）的系统发育、性状进化和生物地理学
作者：
Chiarini, Franco E.;Deanna, Rocío;Bohs, Lynn
除阿根廷特有的两个种外，到目前为止，已有14个种被确认。为了阐明其系统发育关系，利用来自rnL-trnF和therpl32F-trnL基因间隔区、蜡质基因和ITS区的分子序列数据进行了最大似然和贝叶斯推断分析。使用二次校准来估计组合数据集的发散时间。用贝叶斯二分分析方法重建祖先分布区，追踪到7个形态性状(1个连续，6个离散)，单系结实生种及其姊妹支系ISLICUM+Nolan.结实生种分为海南组(S.sect.Caducifructus，1 sp.)和单系亚门。亚种亚门(11种)。亚门亚门包括五个由形态突触构型支持的支系；一些物种的范围仍然不确定，可能是快速多样化的结果，但通过形态特征的组合识别了四个谱系。核盘菌的祖先是一年生的平卧/外倾植物，有斜方形的叶片和无柄宿存的2-3种子果实。变异最大的性状是叶片形状和生活型，而花的大小在诊断油菜属分支时具有很高的信息量。硬壳菌的起源地区是普雷普纳生物地理省，它在最近的地质时代从那里蔓延开来。共发现12种，并提供了最新的异名、分类和重新定界。
The genusSclerophylax(Atropina clade, Solanaceae) has 14 species recognized to date, all except two endemic to Argentina. To clarify its phylogenetic relationships, molecular sequence data from thetrnL‐trnFand therpl32F‐trnLintergenic spacer regions, thewaxygene and the ITS region were employed in maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. Divergence times were estimated for the combined dataset using secondary calibrations. Ancestral distribution areas were reconstructed by Bayesian binary analyses and seven morphological traits (one continuous, six discrete) were traced.Sclerophylaxis monophyletic and its sister clade isLycium+Nolana.Sclerophylaxis divided intoS.sect.Caducifructus(1 sp.) and the monophyletic sect.Sclerophylax(11 spp.).Sclerophylaxsect.Sclerophylaxincludes five well‐supported clades that are also supported by morphological synapomorphies; circumscription of some species remains uncertain, probably as a result of rapid diversifications, but four lineages are recognized by a combination of morphological traits. The ancestor ofSclerophylaxwas an annual, procumbent/decumbent plant with rhomboidal leaves and sessile, persistent, 2–3‐seeded fruits. The most variable traits were leaf shape and life form, while flower size was shown to be highly informative in diagnosing clades withinSclerophylax. The area of origin forSclerophylaxwas the Prepuna biogeographical province, from which it has spread in recent geological times. A total of 12 species are recognized inSclerophylax, with an updated synonymy, lectotypifications, and re‐circumscriptions provided.