Are large-scale hydroelectric dams inherently undemocratic?
Are large-scale hydroelectric dams inherently undemocratic?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102395
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发表时间：
2021-11-04
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Lopez, Maria Claudia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Garcia, Maria Alejandra;Castro-Diaz, Laura;Lopez, Maria Claudia
近几十年来，在全球南方和新兴经济体，大型水电大坝的建设有所增加。人口安置是大坝建设造成的最严重的社会经济影响之一。旨在减轻其影响和恢复生计的进程往往被描述为不足。重新安置进程的无效可以解释为公民参与的持续缺乏，这也是受影响人口无法参与影响其生活的进程的一个迹象。我们的研究提出了一项中氮比较研究，展示了亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲23座大型水电站缺乏参与的途径。基于定性荟萃分析和二手资料，我们进行了模糊集定性比较分析。我们的研究结果表明，至少有两种情况可以解释参与不足。第一种情况包括在独裁统治时期建造的水坝，大部分是在世界水坝委员会发布指导方针之前。第二种情况涉及到我们分析中最大的水坝，在专制和民主政权下建造的水坝具有很高的经济和政治利益，尽管我们将其归类为公众反对项目和安置过程的有效形式。我们讨论了使大型水电大坝在全球南方缺乏参与性或本质上不民主的特征。
Construction of large-scale hydroelectric dams has increased in recent decades in the Global South and emerging economies. Population resettlement is one of the most severe socioeconomic impacts caused by dam construction. Processes aiming to mitigate its impacts and restore livelihoods are often described as inadequate. The resettlement process' ineffectiveness could be explained by persistent deficiency in citizen participation, which is also a sign of the impacted population not being able to participate in the process affecting their lives. Our research presents a medium-N comparative study showing the pathways explaining deficiency of participation across 23 large-scale hydroelectric dams in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. We conducted a fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis based on information from a qualitative meta-analysis and secondary sources. Our results suggest that there are at least two scenarios to explain deficiency in participation. The first scenario includes dams constructed during autocracies, mostly before the release of the World Commission on Dams guidelines. The second scenario involves the largest dams in our analysis, with high economic and political interests at stake built under both autocratic and democratic regimes, despite the presence of what we categorized as effective forms of public opposition to the project and resettlement process. We discuss features that make large hydroelectric dams less participatory or inherently undemocratic in the Global South.