Do restrictive gender attitudes and norms influence physical and mental health during very young Adolescence?Evidence from Bangladesh and Ethiopia
Do restrictive gender attitudes and norms influence physical and mental health during very young Adolescence?Evidence from Bangladesh and Ethiopia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100480
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Muz, Jennifer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baird, Sarah;Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.;Muz, Jennifer
青春期被视为干预的机会之窗，但也是限制性性别态度和规范变得更加突出的时期。这个日益性别分化的世界有可能深刻影响青少年的能力，包括他们的身心健康。本文利用性别与青春期：全球证据(GAGE)项目对6,500名10-12岁青少年的定量数据，分析了孟加拉国和埃塞俄比亚个人层面的限制性性别态度(RGA)和社区层面的限制性性别规范(RGNs)与身心健康之间的关系。我们发现RGA和RGNs与年龄身高z分数、身体质量指数z分数、自我报告的健康、青少年饥饿、心理健康和自尊之间存在显著的关联。我们没有发现RGA或RGNs与疾病之间的关系。我们还发现，不同国家之间的异质性和城市化。我们发现，性别差异令人惊讶地有限，我们确实看到的差异表明，男孩和女孩都有重要的脆弱性。我们的结果指出，文化和信仰等远端因素，如RGA和RGNs，在塑造男孩和女孩的健康结果方面可以发挥强大的作用，并为未来的研究和政策提出了重要的下一步措施。
Adolescence is seen as a window of opportunity for intervention but also as a time during which restrictive gender attitudes and norms become more salient. This increasingly gendered world has the potential to profoundly influence adolescents' capabilities, including their physical and mental health. Using quantitative data on 6,500 young adolescents (10-12) from the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) program, this paper analyses the association between restrictive gender attitudes (RGAs) at the individual level and restrictive gender norms (RGNs) at the community level and physical and mental health in Bangladesh and Ethiopia. We find significant associations between RGAs and RGNs and height-for-age z-scores, body mass index z-scores, self-reported health, adolescent hunger, psychological well-being, and self-esteem. We find no relationship between RGAs or RGNs and illness. We also find heterogeneity across country and urbanicity. We find surprisingly limited variation by gender, and the differences we do see point to important vulnerabilities for both boys and girls. Our results point to the powerful role that distal factors such as culture and beliefs, as manifested through RGAs and RGNs, can play in shaping health outcomes for both boys and girls and suggest important next steps for future research and policy.