China's wetlands loss to urban expansion
China's wetlands loss to urban expansion
复制标题
中国城市扩张导致湿地流失
DOI：
10.1002/ldr.2939
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Luo, Ling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mao, Dehua;Wang, Zongming;Luo, Ling
人类受益于湿地的多种生态系统服务，但由于城市化的快速发展，全球范围内发生了大规模的湿地流失。为了评估这一问题，有必要对城市化引起的湿地损失的空间程度进行量化。本文以中国全国土地覆盖数据库为基础，研究了1990-2010年期间中国因城市化造成的湿地损失量及其变化规律。结果表明，在这20年间，中国因城市扩张而丧失了2883公里(2)的湿地，其中约2394公里(2)发生在东部地区(中国东北、中国北部、中国东南和中国南部)。2000年至2010年(213公里(2)年(-1))期间，城市化导致的湿地损失率是1990年至2000年(75公里(2)年(-1))的2.8倍。在所有湿地类别中，水库/池塘和沼泽遭受的损失最严重。大部分湿地损失是由于城市建成区的扩张，而不是工业或交通用地。中国确定了四个城市化湿地流失热点：京津都市圈、长三角、江汉平原和珠江三角洲。在接下来的几十年里，城镇化和工业化在中国继续展开，快速扩张的中小城市和城市交通网络预计将侵占更多的湿地。尽管近年来在湿地保护方面做出了很大努力，但如果国家要实现可持续发展目标，中国必须防止更多的湿地被城市化摧毁。
Humans benefit from multiple ecosystem services of wetlands, but massive wetland loss has occurred worldwide due to rapid urbanization. To assess the problem, it is necessary to quantify the spatial extent of urbanization-induced wetland loss. Here, we investigated the amount and pattern of wetland loss in China due to urbanization from 1990 to 2010, based on the China National Land Cover Database (ChinaCover). Our results show that, during these 20years, China lost 2,883km(2) of wetlands to urban expansion, of which about 2,394km(2) took place in the eastern regions (Northeast China, North China, Southeast China, and South China). The rate of urbanization-induced wetland loss was 2.8 times higher between 2000 and 2010 (213km(2)year(-1)) than between 1990 and 2000 (75km(2)yr(-1)). Of all wetland categories, reservoirs/ponds and marshes suffered the most severe losses. Most of the wetland loss was due to the expansion of urban built-up areas rather than industrial or transportation lands. Four hotspots of urbanization-induced wetland loss in China were identified: the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Jianghan Plain, and the Pearl River Delta. Urbanization and industrialization continue to unfold in China for the next few decades, and the rapid expansion of small- and middle-sized cities and urban traffic networks is expected to encroach on more wetlands. Although great efforts have been made towards wetland conservation in recent years, China must prevent more wetlands from being wiped out by urbanization if the country is to ahieve its sustainable development goals.