High but not low tolerance populations of Japanese macaques solve a novel cooperative task
High but not low tolerance populations of Japanese macaques solve a novel cooperative task
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高但不低耐受性的日本猕猴群体解决了一项新的合作任务
DOI：
10.1007/s10329-019-00742-z
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Kazunori Yamada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yu Kaigaishi;Masayuki Nakamichi;Kazunori Yamada
目前，已有研究表明，高水平的耐受性有助于动物合作行为的发生。这预示着日本猕猴(Macaca Fuscata)将无法解决合作取食任务，因为它们的社会容忍度较低。然而，日本猕猴的耐受性存在地区差异。在这项研究中，我们通过对两组表现出不同社会容忍度的自由放养的日本猕猴进行合作拉绳任务，展示了群体间社会容忍度的差异如何影响合作。我们使用的任务是要求两只猕猴同时拉一根绳子的两端，以获得食物奖励。我们发现，更宽容组的一些猕猴成功地解决了任务，其中一只猕猴学会了在伴侣不在的情况下等待伴侣。然而，相比之下，容忍度较低的那组人几乎从未成功完成过这项任务。这些结果表明，日本猕猴具有与同类物种合作的能力，但这种能力在他们典型的专制社会中可能受到限制。
Currently, it has been revealed that high levels of tolerance facilitate the occurrence of cooperative behavior in animals. This predicts that Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) would fail to solve cooperative food-retrieval tasks because of their low level of social tolerance. However, Japanese macaques exhibit regional differences in their levels of tolerance. In this study, we showed how inter-group difference in social tolerance could affect cooperation, by presenting a well-established cooperative rope-pulling task with two free-ranging groups of Japanese macaques that exhibit different levels of social tolerance. We used the task that required two macaques to pull both ends of a single rope simultaneously to obtain food rewards. We found that some macaques from the more tolerant group successfully solved the task, and one of them learned to wait for a partner when a partner was absent. In contrast, however, those of the less tolerant group almost never succeeded in the task. These results indicate that Japanese macaques possess the abilities to cooperate with conspecifics, but such abilities may be constrained in their typically despotic society.