Morpho-anatomy of the Okinawa Rail Rallus okinawae
Morpho-anatomy of the Okinawa Rail Rallus okinawae
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冲绳铁路 Rallus okinawae 的形态解剖
DOI：
10.3312/jyio1952.25.12
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Kuroda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Kuroda
首次对冲绳岛琉球群岛特有的不会飞的冲绳Rallus okinawae幼年标本进行了解剖学研究。这只鸟是偶然得到的，一直被冷冻保存在冲绳东村教育委员会，直到它被送到我孙子鸟类博物馆保存，尸体被提供给我进行解剖研究。正如预期的那样，与典型的铁路、Rallus Aquaticus 以及其他物种相比，它显示出胸骨（浅胸骨龙骨）-肱骨（短而薄）结构的明显退化以及发达的股骨-胫骨肌肉。一些解剖学细节是根据Rallina eurizonoides的相关数据给出的，它能够飞行，但却是岛屿特有物种。冲绳铁路完全是陆地的，但栖息在倾斜的枯树上，经常爬到很高的高度。这种习惯显然是由于陆地捕食者，尤其是毒蛇黄绿竹叶青的逃逸反应而发展起来的。冲绳铁路似乎还受到引进的黄鼠狼 Mustela itatsi 和猫鼬 Herpestes mungo 的进一步威胁，这两种动物都正在蔓延到铁路的栖息地。
A specimen of the young flightless Okinawa Rail Rallus okinawae, endemic to Okinawa Island, the Ryukyus, was studied anatomically for the first time. This bird was obtained accidentally, and had been preserved frozen at the Educational Committee of Higashison, Okinawa, until it was sent to Abiko Bird Museum for preservation where the carcass was offered to me for anatomical study. As expected, it showed marked degeneration of pectoralo (shallow sternal keel)-humeral (short and thin) structure and well developed femoro-tibial muscles compared with a typical rail, Rallus aquaticus, as well as other species. Some anatomical details are given based on relative data of Rallina eurizonoides, capable of flight, but an insular endemic species. The Okinawa Rail is entirely terrestrial, but roosts on inclined dead trees, climbing often to a great height. This habit has apparently been developed as a fugitive reaction from terrestrial predators, especially the poisonous snake Trimeresurus flavoviridis. The Okinawa Rail seems to be further threatened by the introduced weasel Mustela itatsi and mongoose Herpestes mungo, both of which are spreading to the rail's habitat.