Measles elimination: A mass immunization campaign in Romania
Measles elimination: A mass immunization campaign in Romania
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.91.7.1042
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Strebel, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ion-Nedelcu, N;Craciun, D;Strebel, P
尽管单剂麻疹免疫接种很高。自1980年代以来的覆盖率和自1995年以来的高2剂覆盖率，罗马尼亚在1996年11月至1998年6月期间经历了麻疹流行。除未接种疫苗的2岁以下儿童外，最多的病例发生在8至18岁的人群中，其中73%以前接种过疫苗。(1)在疫情期间进行的疫苗有效性研究发现，麻疹疫苗非常有效，表明接种过麻疹疫苗的学龄儿童发生麻疹主要是由于单剂麻疹疫苗没有反应。(2)开展了一项全国范围的学龄儿童免疫运动，其中大多数人没有根据1994年制定的第二剂政策进行免疫接种（10 - 18岁）。这一运动似乎已将易感性降低到预防麻疹进一步暴发和中断本土麻疹传播所需的水平。未将学龄前儿童包括在内，因为该运动应减少学龄前儿童的麻疹传播并降低接触风险，这些儿童现在已被常规的2剂接种计划所覆盖。由于这一运动的规模和世界卫生组织（世卫组织）欧洲区域到2007年消灭麻疹的目标，为此作出了特别努力来监测罗马尼亚的经验。(3）
Despite high single-dose measles immunization. coverage since the 1980s and high 2-dose coverage since 1995, Romania experienced a measles epidemic between November 1996 and June 1998. Apart from unvaccinated children younger than 2 years, the largest numbers of cases occurred among persons aged 8 through 18 years, 73% of whom had previously been vaccinated.(1) Vaccine effectiveness studies conducted during the epidemic found the measles vaccine to be highly effective, indicating that measles among vaccinated school-aged children was primarily due to failure to respond to a single dose of measles vaccine.(2)A nationwide campaign was conducted to immunize school-aged children, most of whom were not immunized under the second-dose policy established in 1994 (persons aged 1018 years). This campaign appears to have reduced susceptibility to levels required to prevent further measles outbreaks and interrupt the transmission of indigenous measles. Preschool-aged children were not included, because the campaign should decrease measles transmission and reduce the risk of exposure among preschool-aged children, who are now covered by the routine 2-dose schedule.Because of the size of the campaign and the goal of the World Health Organization's (WHO's) European region to eliminate measles by 2007, special efforts were made to monitor Romania's experience.(3)