Phytoplankton indicators of ecological change in the eutrophying Pamlico Sound system, North Carolina
Phytoplankton indicators of ecological change in the eutrophying Pamlico Sound system, North Carolina
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DOI：
10.1890/05-0840.1
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Winkelmann, Valerie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paerl, Hans W.;Valdes-Weaver, Lexia M.;Winkelmann, Valerie
河口和沿海沃茨的营养物富集和富营养化正在加速，因此有必要为这些变化制定可迅速检测和量化的指标。沿海系统还受到气候扰动的影响，包括干旱、风暴和洪水，其频率可能会增加。浮游植物是生态变化的极好指标。它们相对容易检测、识别和量化;它们进行很大份额的初级生产;它们对各种环境压力敏感。在这项研究中，浮游植物总生物量，叶绿素a，和组特异性化学分类指标（包括叶绿素和类胡萝卜素）被用来表征社区响应人类（营养）和气候（水文）扰动在纽斯河口帕姆利科湾，北卡罗来纳州，美国。这一河口-沿海连续体正经历着人为的养分富集，自1996年以来，飓风频率也在上升。淡水输入和冲洗强烈的相互作用与供应的限制营养氮（N），以确定位置，幅度和组成的浮游植物生物量沿着这一连续体。飓风后的高流量（高冲洗）有利于快速生长的绿藻和隐藻的优势。硅藻往往占主导地位，在中等流量下，而甲藻和蓝藻优势增加时，低流量盛行，在冬/春和夏/秋，分别。根据季节性水文循环和情节（飓风）的条件，浮游植物群落结构差异很大。这些变化影响了富营养化、食物网、生态化学（例如，缺氧）和生境条件在这个和其他沿海生态系统目前正在经历的变化，营养投入和气候事件。基于植物生长调节素的指示剂适用于无人值守的监测平台（例如，渡轮），可以耦合到遥感和建模工作，以评估和帮助管理生态系统和区域尺度的生态变化。
Nutrient enrichment and eutrophication of estuarine and coastal waters are accelerating, and there is a need to develop rapidly detectable and quantifiable indicators of these changes. Coastal systems are also impacted by climatic perturbations, including droughts, storms, and floods, the frequencies of which may be increasing. Phytoplankton are excellent indicators of ecological change. They are relatively easy to detect, identify, and quantify; they conduct a large share of primary production; and they are sensitive to diverse environmental stressors. In this study, phytoplankton total biomass, as chlorophyll a, and group-specific chemotaxonomic indicators (including chlorophylls and carotenoids) were used to characterize community responses to human (nutrient) and climatic (hydrologic) perturbations in the Neuse River Estuary-Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, USA. This estuarine-coastal continuum is experiencing anthropogenic nutrient enrichment and, since 1996, a rise in hurricane frequency. Freshwater input and flushing strongly interacted with supplies of the limiting nutrient nitrogen (N) to determine the location, magnitude, and composition of phytoplankton biomass along this continuum. Elevated flow (high flushing) following hurricanes favored dominance by the fast-growing chlorophytes and cryptophytes. Diatoms tended to dominate under moderate flow, while dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria increased in dominance when low flow prevailed in winter/spring and summer/fall, respectively. Depending on seasonal hydrologic cycles and episodic (hurricane) conditions, phytoplankton community structure differed substantially. These changes impact eutrophication, food web, biogeochernical (e.g., hypoxia), and habitat conditions in this and other coastal ecosystems currently experiencing changes in nutrient inputs and climatic events. Phytoplankton-based indicators are adaptable to unattended monitoring platforms (e.g., ferries) that can be coupled to remote sensing and modeling efforts, in order to evaluate and help manage ecological change at ecosystem and regional scales.