Paleoclimatology, Paleogeography, and the Evolution and Distribution of Sea Kraits (Serpentes; Elapidae; Laticauda)
Paleoclimatology, Paleogeography, and the Evolution and Distribution of Sea Kraits (Serpentes; Elapidae; Laticauda)
复制标题
古气候学、古地理学以及海蛇类（蛇类；蛇科；Laticauda）的进化和分布
作者：
H. Heatwole;A. Grech;H. Marsh
摘要：海蛇的地理范围涵盖了世界上地质最复杂的地区之一。其中心是华莱士河（亚洲和澳大利亚板块的陆地生物群之间的过渡）和印度尼西亚通流河（印度洋和太平洋赤道海洋生物群的连接点）。这项研究的目的是阐明古地理学、古气候学和洋流在这些主要生物地理十字路口及其他地区的海蛇进化和分布中的作用。最近对分类群分歧时间的评估是根据古地理重建进行预测的，以产生对该分类群的起源、传播和分化至关重要的事件的简约的假设模型。最近的形态学和分子研究表明，类群分化的时间和程度与各种气候和地质事件相一致。该模型假设，除了澳大利亚板块接近亚洲板块之外，海蛇的分布既没有受到构造的重大影响，也没有受到陆地动物群跨越华莱士扩散的历史障碍或印度尼西亚贯穿流的主导。相反，该模型表明，两个主要因素——陆地和海洋结构的古地理变化，以及过去和现在的海流方向——解释了这些两栖蛇是如何（1）起源于亚洲陆生蛇类祖先，（2）随后产生有毒的澳大利亚陆地蛇及其衍生物——真正的海蛇，以及（3）分化为Laticauda属的物种复合体、物种和种下实体。
Abstract: The geographic range of sea kraits encompasses one of the geologically most-complex regions of the world. At its center lies Wallacea (the transition between the terrestrial biotas of the Asian and Australian tectonic plates) and the Indonesian Throughflow (nexus of the equatorial marine biotas of the Indian and Pacific oceans). The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of paleogeography, paleoclimatology, and oceanic currents in the evolution and distribution of sea kraits across these major biogeographic crossroads and beyond. A recent assessment of times of taxonomic divergence was projected against paleogeographic reconstructions to produce a parsimonious, hypothetical model of events critical for the origin, dispersal, and differentiation of this taxon. Times and degree of divergence of taxa suggested by recent morphological and molecular studies are in accord with various climatological and geologic events. The model postulates that the distribution of sea kraits was neither greatly affected by tectonics, other than the approach of the Australian Plate to the Asian one, nor dominated by the historic barriers to dispersal of terrestrial fauna across Wallacea, or by the Indonesian Throughflow. Rather, the model suggests that two major factors—paleogeographic alteration of the configuration of land and sea, and the directions of sea currents, past and present—provide an explanation of how these amphibious snakes (1) originated from a terrestrial Asian elapid ancestor, (2) subsequently generated the venomous Australian land snakes and their derivatives the true sea snakes, and (3) differentiated into the species complexes, species, and infraspecific entities of the genus Laticauda.
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Karas, Cyrus;Nuernberg, Dirk;Garbe-Schoenberg, Dieter
通讯作者：
Garbe-Schoenberg, Dieter