Bed-type variability and till (dis)continuity beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica

Bed-type variability and till (dis)continuity beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica
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西南极洲思韦茨冰川下方的床型变异性和耕作(不)连续性

DOI:
10.1017/aog.2019.32
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Anandakrishnan, Sridhar
Anandakrishnan, Sridhar
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Muto, Atsuhiro;Alley, Richard B.;Parizek, Byron R.;Anandakrishnan, Sridhar

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最近的地震测量表明,上思韦茨冰川床型的变化是密切相关的沿流基底地形。在高起伏的冰下高地,地形高点的背侧具有相对较高的声阻抗(“硬”床),背侧具有较低的声阻抗(“软”层)。这种模式与许多冰川消退地形的观测结果相似。冰下水势梯度及其趋异性表明,水在冰下表面趋异,在冰下表面趋聚。辐合有利于更厚或更广泛的水系,这可以更有效地将冰与底层冰碛分离。在这种情况下,直到变形发生,但通量相对较小。冰碛物从背风面被带到下游隆起物的背风面,应该更有效地与冰耦合,从而增加冰碛物变形的运输能力。反过来,这表明,如果迎风侧冰碛层较薄或不连续,则可以实现稳态冰碛输送。此外,在高地产生的大基底剪切应力似乎太高,一个连续的润滑床,虽然薄变形直到,建议直到不连续,这将使碎片装载冰侵蚀基岩stoss侧,提供额外的直到运输。
Recent seismic measurements from upper Thwaites Glacier indicate that the bed-type variability is closely related to the along-flow basal topography. In high-relief subglacial highlands, stoss sides of topographic highs have a relatively higher acoustic impedance (‘hard’ bed) with lower acoustic impedance (‘soft’ till) on lee sides. This pattern is similar to observations of many deglaciated terrains. Subglacial hydraulic-potential gradient and its divergence show a tendency for water to diverge over the stoss sides and converge into the lee sides. Convergence favors a thicker or more widespread water system, which can more efficiently decouple ice from the underlying till. Under such circumstances, till deformation does occur but, fluxes are relatively small. Till carried from the lee sides onto stoss sides of downstream bumps should couple to the ice more efficiently, increasing the ability for transport by till deformation. In turn, this suggests that steady-state till transport can be achieved if the stoss-side till layer is thin or discontinuous. In addition, the large basal shear stress generated in the highlands seems too high for a bed lubricated by a continuous although thin deforming till, suggesting till discontinuity, which would allow debris-laden ice to erode bedrock on stoss sides, supplying additional till for transport.
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