Decision-making deficits in normal elderly persons associated with executive personality disturbances.
Decision-making deficits in normal elderly persons associated with executive personality disturbances.
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DOI：
10.1017/s1041610213001270
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发表时间：
2013-11
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Denburg NL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nguyen CM;Barrash J;Koenigs AL;Bechara A;Tranel D;Denburg NL
一些居住在社区的老年人在现实生活中的决策问题可能会对他们的健康和财务状况产生灾难性的后果。对成年人一生的调查表明，人格是与决策能力相关的重要个体差异变量。本研究旨在探讨人格特质与老年人复杂决策绩效之间的关系。据推测，决策缺陷与反映执行功能薄弱的人格特征（缺乏计划、判断力差、缺乏坚持、固执、缺乏主动性、冲动和优柔寡断）有关。58名老年人参加了会议。通过全面的神经心理学评估，他们的健康和认知状态被认为是完整的。由一名被试完成的爱荷华州人格量表被用来评估人格特征，由参与者完成的爱荷华州赌博任务被用来评估复杂的决策能力。研究发现，执行人格特征的长期紊乱与不良决策有关，即使考虑到人口统计学、神经心理学和情绪因素，这些紊乱仍然是不良决策的预测因素。获得性人格障碍并没有增加显着的预测后，长期的干扰考虑在内。人格的其他方面的障碍与决策能力差没有显着相关。我们的研究表明，注意与成年后执行功能方面的困难相关的个性，可以提高识别现实世界决策问题风险的老年人的能力。
The problems that some community-dwelling elderly develop in real-world decision-making may have disastrous consequences for their health and financial well-being. Investigations across the adult life span have identified personality as an important individual differences variable that is related to decision-making ability. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality characteristics, as rated by an informant, and complex decision-making performance among elders. It was hypothesized that deficits in decision-making would be associated with personality characteristics reflecting weak executive functioning (Lack of Planning, Poor Judgment, Lack of Persistence, Perseveration, Lack of Initiative, Impulsivity, and Indecisiveness). Fifty-eight elderly persons participated. Their health and cognitive status were deemed intact via comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. The Iowa Scales of Personality, completed by an informant, was used to assess personality characteristics, and the Iowa Gambling Task, completed by the participant, was used to assess complex decision-making abilities. Longstanding disturbances in executive personality characteristics were found to be associated with poor decision-making, and these disturbances remained predictive of poor decision-making even after taking into consideration demographic, neuropsychological, and mood factors. Acquired personality disturbances did not add significantly to prediction after longstanding disturbances were taken into account. Disturbances in other dimensions of personality were not significantly associated with poor decision-making. Our study suggests that attentiveness to the personality correlates of difficulties with aspects of executive functioning over the adult years could enhance the ability to identify older individuals at risk for problems with real-world decision-making.