Neurogenesis and the spacing effect: Learning over time enhances memory and the survival of new neurons
Neurogenesis and the spacing effect: Learning over time enhances memory and the survival of new neurons
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DOI：
10.1101/lm.488707
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Shors, Tracey J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sisti, Helene M.;Glass, Arnold L.;Shors, Tracey J.
随着时间的推移，间隔的信息比相同数量的信息聚集在一起更好地记住。这种现象，被称为间距效应，探讨其对学习和神经发生在成年海马结构的齿状回的影响。因为细胞是随着时间的推移而产生的，而且学习可以提高它们的存活率，所以我们假设间隔试验的训练比相同数量的大规模试验可以挽救更多的新神经元免于死亡。在第一个实验中，在Morris水迷宫中接受间隔试验训练的动物表现优于接受集中试验训练的动物，但试验间隔对细胞存活率没有直接影响。相反，学习能力强的动物比不学习或学习能力差的动物保留了更多的细胞。此外，在收购过程中的表现与训练后留在齿状回的细胞数量相关。在第二个实验中，增加了试验区组之间的时间。因此，接受间隔试验训练的动物表现与接受集中训练的动物一样好，但两周后更好地记住了位置。这种记忆的强度与海马体中剩余的新细胞数量有关。总之，这些数据表明，学习，而不仅仅是暴露于训练，提高了训练前1周产生的细胞的存活率。他们还指出，长时间的学习会诱导更持久的记忆，这与海马体中的细胞数量有关。
Information that is spaced over time is better remembered than the same amount of information massed together. This phenomenon, known as the spacing effect, was explored with respect to its effect on learning and neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. Because the cells are generated over time and because learning enhances their survival, we hypothesized that training with spaced trials would rescue more new neurons from death than the same number of massed trials. In the first experiment, animals trained with spaced trials in the Morris water maze outperformed animals trained with massed trials, but there was not a direct effect of trial spacing on cell survival. Rather, animals that learned well retained more cells than animals that did not learn or learned poorly. Moreover, performance during acquisition correlated with the number of cells remaining in the dentate gyrus after training. In the second experiment, the time between blocks of trials was increased. Consequently, animals trained with spaced trials performed as well as those trained with massed, but remembered the location better two weeks later. The strength of that memory correlated with the number of new cells remaining in the hippocampus. Together, these data indicate that learning, and not mere exposure to training, enhances the survival of cells that are generated 1 wk before training. They also indicate that learning over an extended period of time induces a more persistent memory, which then relates to the number of cells that reside in the hippocampus.