A Time Delay Calibration Technique for Improving Broadband Lightning Interferometer Locating
A Time Delay Calibration Technique for Improving Broadband Lightning Interferometer Locating
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/rs15112817
复制
发表时间：
2023-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hengyi Liu;Daohong Wang;W. Dong;W. Lyu;Bin Wu;Q. Qi;Ying Ma;Lyuwen Chen;Yan Gao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hengyi Liu;Daohong Wang;W. Dong;W. Lyu;Bin Wu;Q. Qi;Ying Ma;Lyuwen Chen;Yan Gao
本文介绍了一种针对宽带雷电干涉仪数据处理而设计的时延校准技术，旨在解决减小数据分析窗口长度时定位结果噪声增加的问题。以云地闪电记录为例，对比分析了1024 ns、256 ns、128 ns 3种分析窗长度的定位性能。在不使用时间延迟校准的情况下，随着分析窗口长度的减小，定位噪声显着增加。校准后问题解决。对分析窗口内的最小二乘残差和信号相关系数进行统计分析发现，总体而言，使用时延校准方法后残差的分布没有明显变化，但相关系数明显改善。结果表明，时延校准技术可以提高分析窗口内信号的相关性，从而大大减少缩小分析窗口后产生的无效定位结果。文章还分析了定位结果，以及32 ns分析窗口的相关系数和信号强度特征，这是迄今为止报道的最小分析窗口。即使在如此小的窗口下，时延校准方法仍然可以保证计算稳定性。相关分析表明，根据数据用途，可以灵活运用相关系数作为定位结果的质量控制条件。
This article introduces a time delay calibration technique designed for processing broadband lightning interferometer data with the aim of solving the problem of increased noises in the location results when reducing the length of the data analysis window. The locating performances using three analysis window lengths, 1024 ns, 256 ns, and 128 ns, were compared and analyzed using a cloud-to-ground lightning record as an example. Without using the time delay calibration, the locating noises significantly increased as the length of the analysis window decreased. After the calibration, the problem was solved. Using statistical analysis of the least squares residuals and the signal correlation coefficients within the analysis windows, it was found that overall, there was no significant change in the distribution of residuals after using the time delay calibration method, but the correlation coefficients were significantly improved. The results indicate that the time delay calibration technique can improve the correlation of signals within the analysis window, thereby greatly reducing the ineffective locating results generated after narrowing down the analysis window. The article also analyzed the locating results, as well as the correlation coefficients and signal strength characteristics at the analysis window of 32 ns, the smallest ever reported before. Even at such a small window, the time delay calibration method can still ensure computational stability. The relevant analysis suggests that according to data usage, the correlation coefficient can be flexibly used as a quality control condition of the located results.