The measurement of unemployment: An empirical approach
The measurement of unemployment: An empirical approach
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DOI：
10.1111/1468-0262.00007
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Riddell, WC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones, SRG;Riddell, WC
失业率和劳动力参与率是两个最广泛引用和密切监测的经济统计数据。然而，失业的定义以及相关的参与定义仍然存在争议。[2]对于失业者，许多国家主要根据求职情况来区分失业（U）和非劳动力（0）。3然而，一些非搜索者的行为表明他们依附于劳动力，因此也许应该被衡量为美国人。例如，关于是否将”气馁的工人”-那些表示想找工作但认为没有工作而没有找工作的人-归类为U或0，存在着相当大的争论（国家就业和失业统计委员会（1979年），经合组织（1987年，1995年））。与此同时，某些形式的求职比其他形式的求职更不密集，就其劳动力依恋而言，一些求职者可能更适合被归类为0。这些衡量问题的困难性体现在各国之间以及各国内部不同时期标准的差异上。例如，美国将那些只使用”被动”求职方法（例如，查看招聘广告）的人归为0，而加拿大和许多其他经合组织国家将”被动”和”主动”求职者都包括在失业者中（Stein（1967），Zagorsky（1996））。另一方面，在1967年之前，美国的灰心丧气的工人被归类为U型，
THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE and labor force participation rate are two of the most widely cited and closely monitored economic statistics. Yet the definition of unemployment, and the associated definition of participation, remain controversial. 2 For the nonemployed, many countries base the distinction between unemployment (U) and out-of-the-labor force (0) primarily on job search. 3 However, the behavior of some nonsearchers suggests that they are attached to the labor force, and thus should perhaps be measured as U. For example, there has been considerable debate about whether to classify" discouraged workers"-those who indicate that they want work but did not search because they believe no work is available-as U or 0 (National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (1979), OECD (1987, 1995)). At the same time, some forms of job search are less intensive than others, and in terms of their labor force attachment some searchers may be more appropriately classified as 0. The difficult nature of these measurement questions is illustrated by differences in criteria across countries and over time within countries. For example, the United States classifies as 0 those who employ only" passive" methods of job search-for example, looking at job ads-while Canada and many other OECD countries include both" passive" and" active" searchers among the unemployed (Stein (1967), Zagorsky (1996)). On the other hand, discouraged workers were classified as U in the US prior to 1967 and