Second-language instinct and instruction effects : nature and nurture in second-language acquisition
Second-language instinct and instruction effects : nature and nurture in second-language acquisition
复制标题
第二语言本能和教学效果：第二语言习得的先天和后天
DOI：
10.1162/jocn.2011.21607
复制
发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
et al.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yusa;N.;Koizumi;M.;Kim;J.;et al.
由于青春期前后所谓的“机会之窗”，成年人在学习第二语言（L2）方面似乎比儿童面临更大的困难。青春期后的日本参与者在一个月的指导中学习了一条新的英语简单句子规则，然后他们接受了“无指导的复杂句子”和“有指导的简单句子”的测试。行为数据表明，他们可以获得比所指导的更多的知识，这表明在二语习得中自然（语法的普遍原则，UG）和后天（指导）的交织。使用功能磁共振成像对指令后和指令前的“无指令复杂句子”进行比较，揭示了布罗卡区的显着激活。因此，这项研究为布罗卡区提供了新的见解，在该区，先天与后天的合作产生了第二语言学习者丰富的语言知识。它还显示了成人 L2 习得的神经可塑性，反对关键期假设，至少在 UG 领域是这样。
Adults seem to have greater difficulties than children in acquiring a second language (L2) because of the alleged “window of opportunity” around puberty. Postpuberty Japanese participants learned a new English rule with simplex sentences during one month of instruction, and then they were tested on “uninstructed complex sentences” as well as “instructed simplex sentences.” The behavioral data show that they can acquire more knowledge than is instructed, suggesting the interweaving of nature (universal principles of grammar, UG) and nurture (instruction) in L2 acquisition. The comparison in the “uninstructed complex sentences” between post-instruction and pre-instruction using functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals a significant activation in Broca's area. Thus, this study provides new insight into Broca's area, where nature and nurture cooperate to produce L2 learners' rich linguistic knowledge. It also shows neural plasticity of adult L2 acquisition, arguing against a critical period hypothesis, at least in the domain of UG.