Individual variation in habitat use and growth of male and female brown trout
Individual variation in habitat use and growth of male and female brown trout
复制标题
雄性和雌性褐鳟栖息地利用和生长的个体差异
DOI：
10.1034/j.1600-0587.2001.240212.x
复制
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
P. Giller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Greenberg;P. Giller
我们研究了单独的PIT标记的褐鳟鱼萨尔莫trutta在三个流外壳的生长和栖息地利用的变化，每个分为一个很好的衬底，深池栖息地和一个粗糙的衬底，浅的栖息地。通过在栖息地之间放置PIT探测器，持续监测个体鱼类的栖息地使用和运动。在三个月的时间内，每两周对所有鱼进行测量和称重。有没有显着的栖息地利用和初始身体大小之间的关系，也没有一个一致的栖息地利用和底栖大型无脊椎动物的密度或丰富的漂流无脊椎动物在两个栖息地之间的关系。大多数栖息地的变化发生在夜间，活动高峰就在日出之前和日落之后。鳟鱼在晚上比白天更多地使用游泳池。在任何给定的一天内，个体鱼的昼夜栖息地使用变化不大，夜间的变化大于白天。部分栖息地隔离性别观察，只有男性广泛使用池在白天，而男性和女性使用浅滩。增长率呈正相关，在白天使用游泳池，但不是在晚上。生长速率也受到外壳，生长速率最高的最下游的外壳，其中有最深的池（平均42厘米）和最低的最上游的外壳，其中有最浅的池（平均28厘米）。最上游和下游的外壳之间的鳟鱼的一个完整的交换表明，外壳效应是由于物理差异，而不是个别鱼类之间的差异外壳。这种影响似乎是由深度差异引起的，因为白天使用游泳池与深度≥ 35 cm的游泳池面积相关，每个围栏的鳟鱼生物量与平均游泳池深度直接相关。我们的研究结果表明，栖息地的使用和个体的生长是独立的身体大小之间的关系，但这种关系是由鱼的性别和环境的物理特性的影响。此外，数据表明，褐鳟鱼栖息地利用的短期行为决定有一个长期的个人健身通过增长率的潜在影响。
We examined variation in growth and habitat use of individually PIT-tagged brown trout Salmo trutta in three stream enclosures, each divided into a fine substrate, deep pool habitat and a coarse substrate, shallow habitat. Habitat use and movements of individual fish were monitored continually by placing PIT detectors between habitats. All fish were measured and weighed biweekly over a three month period. There was no significant relationship between habitat use and initial body size, nor was there a consistent relationship between habitat use and densities of benthic macroinvertebrates or abundance of drifting invertebrates in the two habitats. Most habitat changes occurred at night, with activity peaks just prior to sunrise and after sunset. Trout used pools more at night than during the day. Within any given day, diurnal and nocturnal habitat use of individual fish varied little, with variation greater at night than during the day. Partial habitat segregation by sex was observed; only males used pools extensively during daytime, whereas males and females used riffles. Growth rate was positively related to use of pools during daytime but not at night. Growth rate was also affected by enclosure, with growth rates being highest in the most downstream enclosure, which had the deepest pool (mean of 42 cm) and lowest in the most upstream enclosure, which had the shallowest pool (mean of 28 cm). A complete exchange of trout between the most upstream and downstream enclosure indicated that the enclosure effect was due to physical differences and not to individual fish differences between enclosures. The effect appears to have been caused by differences in depth as daytime use of pools was correlated with the area of the pool ≥ 35 cm deep, and production of trout biomass per enclosure was directly related to mean pool depth. Our results suggest that there is a relationship between habitat use and growth of individuals that is independent of body size, but that this relationship is influenced by sex of the fish and by the physical characteristics of the environment. Further, the data indicate that short-term behavioral decisions on habitat use by brown trout have a potential effect on longer-term individual fitness through growth rates.