Physical Controls on the Hydrology of Perennially Ice‐Covered Lakes, Taylor Valley, Antarctica (1996–2013)
Physical Controls on the Hydrology of Perennially Ice‐Covered Lakes, Taylor Valley, Antarctica (1996–2013)
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对常年冰雪覆盖的湖泊水文的物理控制，泰勒谷，南极洲（1996 年 - 2013 年）
DOI：
10.1029/2022jf006833
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Obryk, M. K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cross, J. M.;Fountain, A. G.;Hoffman, M. J.;Obryk, M. K.
南极洲麦克默多干谷是一片极地沙漠，分布着许多封闭流域、常年冰雪覆盖的湖泊，主要由冰川融化补给。自 1972 年以来，湖泊水位变化高达 8 m，在经历了十年的下降之后，目前正在上升。降水以雪的形式落下，因此湖泊水文学主要由可用于融化冰川冰和升华湖冰的能量主导。为了了解能量和水文对湖泊水位变化的控制，并解释相距仅几公里的相邻湖泊之间的变化，我们对泰勒谷三个最大湖泊的水文进行了建模。我们应用基于物理的水文模型，其中包括表面能量平衡模型来估计冰川融化和湖泊升华，以限制进出湖泊的质量通量。结果表明，湖泊水位对冰川反照率、气温和风速的微小变化非常敏感。我们能够仅利用冰覆盖湖的融水流入和升华损失来平衡两个流域的水文预算。第三个分水岭最靠近海岸，需要超出模型不确定性的额外流入量。我们假设活动层内的浅层地下水系统由分散的雪斑补给，贡献了该流域 23% 的流入量。这些湖泊与当前气候失去了平衡。如果我们研究期间（1996-2013）的气候持续到未来，湖泊将从 2300 年开始达到平衡，水位将比 2020 年的水位高 2-17 米（具体取决于湖泊）。
The McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are a polar desert populated with numerous closed‐watershed, perennially ice‐covered lakes primarily fed by glacial melt. Lake levels have varied by as much as 8 m since 1972 and are currently rising after a decade of decreasing. Precipitation falls as snow, so lake hydrology is dominated by energy available to melt glacier ice and to sublimate lake ice. To understand the energy and hydrologic controls on lake level changes and to explain the variability between neighboring lakes, only a few kilometers apart, we model the hydrology for the three largest lakes in Taylor Valley. We apply a physically based hydrological model that includes a surface energy balance model to estimate glacial melt and lake sublimation to constrain mass fluxes to and from the lakes. Results show that lake levels are very sensitive to small changes in glacier albedo, air temperature, and wind speed. We were able to balance the hydrologic budget in two watersheds using meltwater inflow and sublimation loss from the ice‐covered lake alone. A third watershed, closest to the coast, required additional inflow beyond model uncertainties. We hypothesize a shallow groundwater system within the active layer, fed by dispersed snow patches, contributes 23% of the inflow to this watershed. The lakes are out of equilibrium with the current climate. If the climate of our study period (1996–2013) persists into the future, the lakes will reach equilibrium starting in 2300, with levels 2–17 m higher, depending on the lake, relative to the 2020 level.
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DOI：
10.2307/1551002
发表时间：
1987-02
期刊：
Arctic and alpine research
影响因子：
--
作者：
T. Chinn
通讯作者：
T. Chinn
南极洲泰勒谷的水道和永久冻土：寒冷沙漠生态系统中广泛而浅层的地下水连通性
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Levy;A. Fountain;M. Gooseff;K. Welch;W. Lyons
通讯作者：
W. Lyons
南极洲泰勒谷的高盐“湿地”
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
J. Levy;A. Fountain;K. Welch;W. Lyons
通讯作者：
W. Lyons
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
G. Liston;J. Winther;O. Bruland;H. Elvehøy;K. Sand
通讯作者：
G. Liston;J. Winther;O. Bruland;H. Elvehøy;K. Sand
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Michael T. O'Connor;M. Cardenas;B. Neilson;K. Nicholaides;G. Kling
通讯作者：
Michael T. O'Connor;M. Cardenas;B. Neilson;K. Nicholaides;G. Kling