Clostridium Perfringens Toxins Involved in Mammalian Veterinary Diseases
Clostridium Perfringens Toxins Involved in Mammalian Veterinary Diseases
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DOI：
10.2174/1875414701003010024
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发表时间：
2013-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Uzal;J. Vidal;B. McClane;A. Gurjar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Uzal;J. Vidal;B. McClane;A. Gurjar
产气荚膜梭菌是一种革兰氏阳性厌氧杆菌，根据4种主要毒素的产生，即α（CPA）、β（CP B）、β（ETX）和β（ITX），将其分为5种毒素型（A、B、C、D和E）。然而，这种微生物可以以各种组合产生多达16种毒素，包括致命毒素，如产气荚膜梭菌溶素O（PFO）、肠毒素（CPE）和β 2毒素（CPB 2）。由这种微生物引起的大多数疾病是由一种或多种这些毒素介导的。CPA在哺乳动物肠道疾病中的作用是有争议的，并且记录很少，但毫无疑问，这种毒素在人类和几种动物的气性坏疽中是必不可少的。C.产气荚膜杆菌B和C型主要在几种动物物种的新生个体中引起坏死性肠炎和肠毒血症。ETX由C. D型产气荚膜杆菌导致肠毒血症的临床症状和病变，肠毒血症是绵羊和山羊的主要神经疾病。ITX在动物疾病中的作用尚不清楚，尽管通常认为由C. E型产气荚膜杆菌由该毒素介导。CPB 2是一种可由所有类型的C.产气荚膜梭菌被认为是许多动物物种的疾病，但目前几乎没有信息可以支持或排除这种说法。CPE是C.在人类和犬中，A型产气荚膜杆菌胃肠道疾病;然而，在其他动物疾病中涉及CPE的数据仍然不明确。PFO似乎不是动物疾病的主要毒力因子，但它可能与CPA介导的坏疽和ETX介导的肠毒血症有协同作用。近年来，C.产气荚膜梭菌感染和毒素基因敲除突变体的使用已经证明了几种毒素的特异性致病作用。产气荚膜杆菌在动物疾病中的作用这些研究工具正在帮助我们确定每个C的作用。研究产气荚膜杆菌毒素在动物疾病中的作用，研究这些毒素的体内作用机制，并开发针对这些微生物产生的疾病的更有效的疫苗。
Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive anaerobic rod that is classified into 5 toxinotypes (A, B, C, D, and E) according to the production of 4 major toxins, namely alpha (CPA), beta (CPB), epsilon (ETX) and iota (ITX). However, this microorganism can produce up to 16 toxins in various combinations, including lethal toxins such as perfringolysin O (PFO), enterotoxin (CPE), and beta2 toxin (CPB2). Most diseases caused by this microorganism are mediated by one or more of these toxins. The role of CPA in intestinal disease of mammals is controversial and poorly documented, but there is no doubt that this toxin is essential in the production of gas gangrene of humans and several animal species. CPB produced by C. perfringens types B and C is responsible for necrotizing enteritis and enterotoxemia mainly in neonatal individuals of several animal species. ETX produced by C. perfringens type D is responsible for clinical signs and lesions of enterotoxemia, a predominantly neurological disease of sheep and goats. The role of ITX in disease of animals is poorly understood, although it is usually assumed that the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases produced by C. perfringens type E is mediated by this toxin. CPB2, a necrotizing and lethal toxin that can be produced by all types of C. perfringens, has been blamed for disease in many animal species, but little information is currently available to sustain or rule out this claim. CPE is an important virulence factor for C. perfringens type A gastrointestinal disease in humans and dogs; however, the data implicating CPE in other animal diseases remains ambiguous. PFO does not seem to play a direct role as the main virulence factor for animal diseases, but it may have a synergistic role with CPA-mediated gangrene and ETX-mediated enterotoxemia. The recent improvement of animal models for C. perfringens infection and the use of toxin gene knock-out mutants have demonstrated the specific pathogenic role of several toxins of C. perfringens in animal disease. These research tools are helping us to establish the role of each C. perfringens toxin in animal disease, to investigate the in vivo mechanism of action of these toxins, and to develop more effective vaccines against diseases produced by these microorganisms.