Technological discontinuities and the challenge for incumbent firms: Destruction, disruption or creative accumulation?
Technological discontinuities and the challenge for incumbent firms: Destruction, disruption or creative accumulation?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.respol.2013.02.009
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Hobday, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bergek, Anna;Berggren, Christian;Hobday, Michael
不连续的技术变革对现有产业的创造性破坏是有关产业创新和技术发展的文献中的一个中心主题。现有的基于能力和基于市场的对这一现象的解释认为，现有企业只会受到“能力破坏”或“破坏性”创新的严重挑战，这些创新会使他们现有的知识基础或商业模式过时，并使他们容易受到新进入者的攻击。本文对这些观点提出了挑战。通过对汽车和燃气轮机行业的详细实证分析，我们证明，这些解释高估了新进入者摧毁和颠覆现有行业的能力，低估了现有企业感知新技术潜力并将其与现有能力整合的能力。此外，我们还展示了完全由现有企业驱动的技术中断后的激烈竞争如何可能导致后期行业的洗牌。我们发展并扩展了“创造性积累”的概念，作为一种将现有企业的创新能力概念化的方式，这些企业似乎掌握了这种动荡。具体来说，我们认为创造性积累要求企业同时应对三重挑战：(a)快速调整和发展现有技术，(b)获取和开发新技术和资源，(c)将新颖和现有知识整合到卓越的产品和解决方案中。(C) 2013 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
The creative destruction of existing industries as a consequence of discontinuous technological change is a central theme in the literature on industrial innovation and technological development. Established competence-based and market-based explanations of this phenomenon argue that incumbents are seriously challenged only by 'competence-destroying' or 'disruptive' innovations, which make their existing knowledge base or business models obsolete and leave them vulnerable to attacks from new entrants. This paper challenges these arguments. With detailed empirical analyses of the automotive and gas turbine industries, we demonstrate that these explanations overestimate the ability of new entrants to destroy and disrupt established industries and underestimate the capacity of incumbents to perceive the potential of new technologies and integrate them with existing capabilities. Moreover, we show how intense competition in the wake of technological discontinuities, driven entirely by incumbents, may instead result in late industry shakeouts. We develop and extend the notion of 'creative accumulation' as a way of conceptualizing the innovating capacity of the incumbents that appear to master such turbulence. Specifically, we argue that creative accumulation requires firms to handle a triple challenge of simultaneously (a) fine-tuning and evolving existing technologies at a rapid pace, (b) acquiring and developing new technologies and resources and (c) integrating novel and existing knowledge into superior products and solutions. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.