COVID-19 Surveillance
COVID-19 Surveillance
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COVID-19 监测
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3666300
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jessica Roberts
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Berman;Leah R. Fowler;Jessica Roberts
任何成功的流行病应对都涉及跟踪疾病的传播。在这方面，接触者追踪并不是什么新鲜事。COVID-19监测的不同之处在于其前所未有的技术使用。持续和近乎普遍的数字联系人追踪的潜力引发了人们对更容易与国家安全监控联系在一起的隐私和公民自由的担忧，这让美国对疾病追踪技术的采用感到寒冷。然而，公共卫生监测和国家安全监测是两种不同的范式，具有不同的价值观和管理规范。理想情况下，公共卫生监测是合作的，最大限度地减少数据收集，并限制随后的使用。相比之下，国家安全监视的运作方式灵活，最大限度地收集数据，对合法收集的数据的使用限制相对较少。乍一看，数字联系人追踪类似于国家安全监控，因为两者都严重依赖技术。然而，尽管有这些表面上的相似之处，但COVID-19监测是一项公共卫生举措。本文提出了一个重要而新颖的问题：我们能否使用类似于国家安全监测中发现的技术工具，同时培养成功的公共卫生监测所必需的信任？我们谨慎乐观地回答是的，并提出我们的建议。
Any successful pandemic response involves tracking the spread of disease. In this regard, contact tracing is nothing new. What differentiates COVID-19 surveillance is its unprecedented use of technology. The potential for continuous and near-universal digital contact tracing has raised concerns about privacy and civil liberties more readily associated with national security surveillance, chilling the uptake of disease-tracking technologies in the United States. Yet public health surveillance and national security surveillance are two distinct paradigms with different values and governing norms. Ideally, public health surveillance is cooperative, minimizes data collection, and limits subsequent use. National security surveillance, by contrast, operates coercively, maximizes data collection, and imposes relatively few limits on the use of lawfully collected data. At first blush, digital contact tracing resembles national security surveillance because both depend heavily on technology. Yet despite these superficial similarities, COVID-19 surveillance is a public health initiative. This Article asks the important and novel question: Can we use technological tools similar to those found in national security surveillance while cultivating the trust necessary for successful public health surveillance? We respond with a cautiously optimistic yes and offer our recommendations.