Resistance and resilience of invertebrate communities to seasonal and supraseasonal drought in arid-land headwater streams
Resistance and resilience of invertebrate communities to seasonal and supraseasonal drought in arid-land headwater streams
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DOI：
10.1111/fwb.12522
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Lytle, David A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bogan, Michael T.;Boersma, Kate S.;Lytle, David A.
预计气候变化将加剧许多地区的干旱，但对溪流群落的生态影响知之甚少。许多旱地溪流的特点是可预测的季节性干湿循环，物种适应这种循环，但不可预测的超季节性干旱可能构成挑战居民生物群的极端事件。在这篇文章中，我们综合了在美国亚利桑那州的马德雷天空群岛（MSI）的干旱土地流进行的研究，以评估无脊椎动物群落对正常季节性干旱和严重的超季节性干旱造成的干旱干扰的抵抗力和恢复力。我们还强调了空间背景（例如，距离常年避难所）如何影响恢复模式。无脊椎动物群落结构的变化可预见的栖息地收缩的进展，从横向连接的损失完全干燥的MSI流。当干燥事件是可预测的（如季节性干燥），干旱后的社区恢复往往是迅速的，因为大多数MSI类群具有生活史性状赋予高电阻和/或恢复流干燥。相反，极端的超季节干旱导致一些MSI溪流从常年流到间歇流的前所未有的转变。虽然物种丰富度可能会迅速恢复后，这种流动制度的转变，显着的营业额在社区结构可能会发生，并可能延迟或阻止恢复到干旱前的条件。在这种情况下，短暂的（
Climate change is expected to intensify drought in many regions, but ecological impacts on stream communities are poorly understood. Many arid-land streams are characterised by predictable seasonal cycles of wetting and drying, to which species are adapted, but unpredictable supraseasonal droughts may constitute extreme events that challenge resident biota. In this article, we synthesise research conducted in arid-land streams of the Madrean Sky Islands (MSI) in Arizona, U.S.A, to evaluate the resistance and resilience of invertebrate communities to drying disturbances caused by normal seasonal drying and severe supraseasonal drought. We also highlight how spatial context (e.g. distance to perennial refuges) influences recovery patterns. Invertebrate community structure changes predictably as habitat contraction progresses from loss of lateral connectivity to complete drying of MSI streams. When drying events are predictable (e.g. seasonal drying), post-drought community recovery is often rapid, since most MSI taxa possess life history traits conferring high resistance and/or resilience to stream drying. Extreme supraseasonal droughts, in contrast, cause unprecedented transitions from perennial to intermittent flow in some MSI streams. While species richness may recover quickly following this flow regime shift, marked turnover in community structure can occur and may delay or preclude recovery to pre-drought conditions. In such cases, short-lived (