Changing Places: A Dual Judgment Model of Empathy Gaps in Emotional Perspective Taking
Changing Places: A Dual Judgment Model of Empathy Gaps in Emotional Perspective Taking
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-407188-9.00003-x
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nordgren, Loran F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Van Boven, Leaf;Loewenstein, George;Nordgren, Loran F.
情绪观点采择涉及人们试图估计处于不同情绪情境中的其他人的态度、偏好和行为。我们提出了一个双重判断模型，在这个模型中，观点接受者首先预测他们自己对不同情绪情况的反应，其次，调整这些自我预测，以适应他们与他人之间的感知差异。先前的文献集中在第二判断中的自我中心偏见，自我和他人之间的感知差异和相似性。我们认为，情绪观点的重大错误往往来自第一次判断，人们对自己的态度，偏好和行为的预测在不同的情绪情况下。具体来说，人们表现出“移情差距”，低估了情绪状况对他们自己的态度、偏好和行为的影响。我们回顾的证据，提供支持（a）情绪观点采择的双重判断模型，（B）在自我预测的共情差距的发生，和（c）共情差距的发生在社会预测中的调解共情差距在自我判断。我们讨论了共情差距的影响，在情感的观点采择社会行为，社会判断，以及其他形式的观点采择和情感预测。
Emotional perspective taking involves people's attempts to estimate the attitudes, preferences, and behaviors of other people who are in different emotional situations. We propose a dual judgment model in which perspective takers first predict what their own reactions would be to different emotional situations, and, second, adjust these self-predictions to accommodate perceived 'differences between themselves and others. Prior literature has focused on egocentric biases in the second judgment, perceived differences and similarities between the self and others. We propose that significant errors in emotional perspective taking often arise from the first judgment, people's predictions of what their own attitudes, preferences, and behaviors would be in different emotional situations. Specifically, people exhibit "empathy gaps," underestimating how much emotional situations influence their own attitudes, preferences, and behaviors. We review evidence that provides support for (a) the dual judgment model of emotional perspective taking, (b) the occurrence of empathy gaps in self-predictions, and (c) the occurrence of empathy gaps in social predictions that are mediated by empathy gaps in self-judgments. We discuss implications of empathy gaps in emotional perspective taking for social behavior, social judgment, and for other forms of perspective taking and affective forecasting.