(+)-(S)-alapyridaine -: A general taste enhancer?
(+)-(S)-alapyridaine -: A general taste enhancer?
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DOI：
10.1093/chemse/28.5.371
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Hofmann, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Soldo, T;Blank, I;Hofmann, T
最近在加热的糖/氨基酸混合物以及牛肉肉汤中发现的N-（1-羧乙基）-6-羟甲基-吡啶鎓-3-醇内盐（alapyridaine）已显示出一般的增味活性，尽管其本身无味。与迄今为止报道的其他增味剂不同，外消旋（R/S）-阿拉吡啶和甚至更大程度的生理活性对映体（+）-（S）-阿拉吡啶能够增强一种以上的基本味道质量。当阿拉吡啶存在时，葡萄糖和蔗糖的甜味、谷氨酰胺-谷氨酸盐（MSG）和鸟苷-5 '-单磷酸盐（GMP）的鲜味以及NaCl的咸味的阈值浓度显著降低。相反，咖啡因和L-苯丙氨酸的苦味以及酸味柠檬酸的苦味的感知不受影响。此外，阿拉吡啶胺显示出增强已知的味道协同作用，例如L-精氨酸对NaCl的咸味的增强作用，以及GMP对MSG的鲜味的增强作用。不仅在单一味道化合物的溶液中，而且在更复杂的促味剂混合物中都可以观察到（+）-（S）-阿拉吡啶碱的活性;例如，含有MSG、蔗糖、NaCl和咖啡因的溶液的鲜味、甜味和咸味被显著调节，因此表明阿拉吡啶碱是一般的味道增强剂。
N-(1-Carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxymethyl-pyridinium-3-ol inner salt (alapyridaine), recently identified in heated sugar/amino acid mixtures as well as in beef bouillon, has been shown to exhibit general taste-enhancing activities, although tasteless on its own. Differing from other taste enhancers reported so far, racemic (R/S)-alapyridaine and, to an even greater extent (+)-(S)-alapyridaine, the physiologically active enantiomer, are able to enhance more than one basic taste quality. The threshold concentrations for the sweet taste of glucose and sucrose, for the umami taste of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) and guanosine-5'-monophosphate (GMP), as well as the salty taste of NaCl, were significantly decreased when alapyridaine was present. In contrast, perception of the bitter tastes of caffeine and L-phenylalanine, as well as of sour-tasting citric acid, was unaffected. Furthermore, alapyridaine was shown to intensify known taste synergisms such as, for example, the enhancing effect of L-arginine on the salty taste of NaCl, as well as that of GMP on the umami taste of MSG. The activity of (+)-(S)-alapyridaine could be observed not only in solutions of single taste compounds, but also in more complex tastant mixtures; for example, the umami, sweet and salty taste of a solution containing MSG, sucrose, NaCl and caffeine was significantly modulated, thus indicating that alapyridaine is a general taste enhancer.