Access to improved water and its relationship with diarrhoea in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: a cross-sectional study.
Access to improved water and its relationship with diarrhoea in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: a cross-sectional study.
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DOI：
10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002264
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发表时间：
2013-06-28
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Kondo N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shrestha S;Aihara Y;Yoden K;Yamagata Z;Nishida K;Kondo N
评估腹泻与发展中国家快速增长、人口稠密的城市地区的水源类型、总用水量和改良用水量之间的关系。采用亚洲开发银行为2009年加德满都流域配水、污水处理和城市发展项目进行的访谈调查中获得的具有人口代表性的二手数据进行的横断面分析。尼泊尔，加德满都山谷。2282户。使用结构化问卷从住户收集关于以下方面的信息：用水量和水源;住户的健康、社会经济和人口状况;饮用水处理做法和厕所设施。179个家庭（7.8%）的家庭成员报告在上个月出现腹泻。对于家庭成员人均每日饮水量低于100升（L/c/d）（世卫组织建议的最低饮水量）的家庭，感染腹泻的风险增加一倍（1.56倍至2.92倍）。 在使用替代水源（如威尔斯、石嘴和泉水）以及改良水（由水管理机构提供）的家庭中，感染腹泻的可能性比仅使用改良水的家庭高1.81倍（95% CI 1.00至3.29）。然而，如果没有消耗最佳水量（即<100 L/c/d），获得改善的水源与腹泻风险降低无关。 这些结果独立于社会经济和人口变量、日常饮用水处理做法、厕所设施和住宅区。提供充足的水-无论水源如何-在预防腹泻方面可能比供应有限的改良水更重要。
To assess the associations between diarrhoea and types of water sources, total quantity of water consumed and the quantity of improved water consumed in rapidly growing, highly populated urban areas in developing countries. Cross-sectional analysis using population-representative secondary data obtained from an interview survey conducted by the Asian Development Bank for the 2009 Kathmandu Valley Water Distribution, Sewerage and Urban Development Project. Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. 2282 households. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from households on the quantity and sources of water consumed; health, socioeconomic and demographic status of households; drinking water treatment practices and toilet facilities. Family members of 179 households (7.8%) reported having developed diarrhoea during the previous month. For households in which family members consumed less than 100 L of water per capita per day (L/c/d), which is the minimum quantity recommended by WHO, the risk of contracting diarrhoea doubled (1.56-fold to 2.92-fold). In households that used alternative water sources (such as wells, stone spouts and springs) in addition to improved water (provided by a water management authority), the likelihood of contracting diarrhoea was 1.81-fold higher (95% CI 1.00 to 3.29) than in those that used only improved water. However, access to an improved water source was not associated with a lower risk of developing diarrhoea if optimal quantities of water were not consumed (ie, <100 L/c/d). These results were independent of socioeconomic and demographic variables, daily drinking water treatment practices, toilet facilities and residential areas. Providing access to a sufficient quantity of water—regardless of the source—may be more important in preventing diarrhoea than supplying a limited quantity of improved water.
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影响因子：
6.4
作者：
TUTTLE, J;RIES, AA;GRIFFIN, PM
通讯作者：
GRIFFIN, PM
影响因子：
9.9
作者：
Masangwi, S. J.;Morse, T. D.;Namangale, J. J.
通讯作者：
Namangale, J. J.
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.10.005
发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
6
作者：
Majuru, Batsirai;Mokoena, M. Michael;Hunter, Paul R.
通讯作者：
Hunter, Paul R.
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
McDonald, Elizabeth;Bailie, Ross;Morris, Peter
通讯作者：
Morris, Peter
DOI：
10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70223-1
发表时间：
2011-03
期刊：
The Lancet. Infectious diseases
影响因子：
--
作者：
Alirol E;Getaz L;Stoll B;Chappuis F;Loutan L
通讯作者：
Loutan L