Urban water consumption and its influencing factors in China: Evidence from 286 cities
Urban water consumption and its influencing factors in China: Evidence from 286 cities
复制标题
中国城市用水量及其影响因素：来自286个城市的证据
DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.044
复制
发表时间：
2017-11-10
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Li, Ruihua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fan, Liangxin;Gai, Lingtong;Li, Ruihua
应查明影响用水的因素，以制定有效的公共政策。然而，影响中国城市生活用水的因素，特别是在全国范围内，尚不清楚。本文采用条件推理树和随机森林方法，对中国286个直辖市的城市用水量及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明，从2000年到2015年，130个城市的人均日用水量发生了显著变化（减少69个，增加61个）。在所研究的286个城市中，有112个被归为低用水量城市，人均日用水量低于70升。此外，中国人均日用水量受气象因素、社会经济状况、供水和节水因素的影响较大。影响用水量的因素也因城市而异。在高消费城市，每天人均用水量受到降水、节水投资、每户淋浴或沐浴用热水器和人均国内生产总值的强烈影响。在中低耗水量城市，人均日耗水量受供水能力和社会经济地位（包括人均国内生产总值、受教育程度和恩格尔系数）的影响。这些因素的显著差异表明，中国各地应实施不同的用水政策。在高消费城市，应继续投资节水，通过减少水的消耗来确保可持续利用。在低消耗城市，应提高供水能力，以保证基本保健和卫生需求的供水。(C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Factors that affect water consumption should be identified to develop effective public policies. However, factors influencing domestic water consumption in cities in China, particularly on a national scale, are unclear. In this study, urban water consumption and its influencing factors in 286 municipal cities in China were analysed by using conditional inference trees and the random forest method. Results showed that water consumption (per capita per day) of 130 cities had changed significantly (decrease: 69; increase: 61) from 2000 to 2015. Of the 286 cities studied, 112 were classified as low-water consumption cities with water consumption below 70 L per capita per day. In addition, water consumption per capita per day in China was found to be highly affected by meteorological factors, socioeconomic status, water supply and conservation factors. The factors influencing water consumption also varied across different cities. In high-consumption cities, water consumption per capita per day was strongly influenced by precipitation, water conservation investment, water heater for showering or bathing per household and gross domestic product per capita. In medium- and low-consumption cities, water consumption per capita per day was affected by water supply capacity and socioeconomic status, including gross domestic product per capita, education received and Engel's coefficient. Significant disparities in these factors suggest that different policies regarding water consumption should be implemented across China. In high-consumption cities, investment in water conservation should be continued to ensure sustainable use by reducing water consumption. In low-consumption cities, water supply capacity should be improved to guarantee water availability for basic health and hygiene requirements. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.