The Education Effect: Higher Educational Qualifications are Robustly Associated with Beneficial Personal and Socio-political Outcomes
The Education Effect: Higher Educational Qualifications are Robustly Associated with Beneficial Personal and Socio-political Outcomes
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DOI：
10.1007/s11205-015-0946-1
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Manstead, Antony S. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Easterbrook, Matthew J.;Kuppens, Toon;Manstead, Antony S. R.
教育程度是一系列重要结果的预测者，如政治兴趣和愤世嫉俗、社会信任、健康、福祉和群体间态度。我们通过在1986-2011年间的三次调查中分析与这一不同结果范围相关的教育效果的强度和稳定性来解决文献中的一个空白，包括对同一个体内教育效果随时间的稳定性进行的新的潜在增长分析。我们对英国社会态度调查、英国家庭小组调查和国际社会调查方案的分析表明，在这些结果中，教育效果是强劲的，随着时间的推移，教育效果相对稳定，较高的教育水平与更高的信任和政治兴趣、更好的健康和福祉相关，更少的政治犬儒主义和更少的负面群体间态度。当与政治结果和对移民的态度有关时，教育效果最强，而当与健康和幸福有关时，教育效果最弱。大部分的教育效果似乎是由于受过大学教育带来的好处。我们的结果表明，这种有益的教育效应也表现在个体内部的变化上，随着个体年龄的增长，教育效应趋于增强。
Level of education is a predictor of a range of important outcomes, such as political interest and cynicism, social trust, health, well-being, and intergroup attitudes. We address a gap in the literature by analyzing the strength and stability of the education effect associated with this diverse range of outcomes across three surveys covering the period 1986-2011, including novel latent growth analyses of the stability of the education effect within the same individuals over time. Our analyses of the British Social Attitudes Survey, British Household Panel Survey, and International Social Survey Programme indicated that the education effect was robust across these outcomes and relatively stable over time, with higher education levels being associated with higher trust and political interest, better health and well-being, and with less political cynicism and less negative intergroup attitudes. The education effect was strongest when associated with political outcomes and attitudes towards immigrants, whereas it was weakest when associated with health and well-being. Most of the education effect appears to be due to the beneficial consequences of having a university education. Our results demonstrate that this beneficial education effect is also manifested in within-individual changes, with the education effect tending to become stronger as individuals age.