Impact of early deafness and early exposure to sign language on the cerebral organization for motion processing
Impact of early deafness and early exposure to sign language on the cerebral organization for motion processing
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.21-22-08931.2001
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发表时间：
2001-11-15
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Liu, GY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bavelier, D;Brozinsky, C;Liu, GY
这项功能磁共振成像研究通过比较听力控制者与聋人和听力正常的本地手语者，研究了早期听觉剥夺和/或使用视觉空间语言[美国手语(ASL)]对视觉运动处理中重要的神经系统组织的影响。参与者在不同的空间和特征注意条件下监测移动的流场。当注意力集中和任务是检测运动特征时，运动选择区域MT-MST在听力控制中的招募被观察到更多，这证实了先前的报道，即运动网络被不同的注意方面选择性地调制。更重要的是，我们观察到早期经验在运动相关区域的招募上存在显著差异。首先，在早期签名者中，MT-MST的偏侧化向左半球移动，这表明早期接触ASL会导致对左侧MT-MST的更多依赖。第二，两种听力人群在中央注意下的MT-MST比周围注意下表现出更多的MT-MST激活，而在聋人中观察到相反的模式，这表明在早期耳聋后的周围注意中MT-MST的招募增强。第三，聋人手语者，但两种听力人群都没有表现出后顶叶皮质的激活增加，这支持了早期听觉剥夺后顶叶功能被改变的观点。最后，只有在失聪的手势者中，注意运动才会导致后上颞沟的增强募集，这在人类中首次证实了这一多通道区域在早期感觉剥夺后被修改。总之，这些结果突出了人类神经可塑性的功能和区域特异性。
This functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated the impact of early auditory deprivation and/or use of a visuospatial language [American sign language (ASL)] on the organization of neural systems important in visual motion processing by comparing hearing controls with deaf and hearing native signers. Participants monitored moving flowfields under different conditions of spatial and featural attention. Recruitment of the motion-selective area MT-MST in hearing controls was observed to be greater when attention was directed centrally and when the task was to detect motion features, confirming previous reports that the motion network is selectively modulated by different aspects of attention. More importantly, we observed marked differences in the recruitment of motion-related areas as a function of early experience. First, the lateralization of MT-MST was found to shift toward the left hemisphere in early signers, suggesting that early exposure to ASL leads to a greater reliance on the left MT-MST. Second, whereas the two hearing populations displayed more MT-MST activation under central than peripheral attention, the opposite pattern was observed in deaf signers, indicating enhanced recruitment of MT-MST during peripheral attention after early deafness. Third, deaf signers, but neither of the hearing populations, displayed increased activation of the posterior parietal cortex, supporting the view that parietal functions are modified after early auditory deprivation. Finally, only in deaf signers did attention to motion result in enhanced recruitment of the posterior superior temporal sulcus, establishing for the first time in humans that this polymodal area is modified after early sensory deprivation. Together these results highlight the functional and regional specificity of neuroplasticity in humans.